دراسة التغيرات الفسلجية والنسيجية والمناعية في أناث الجرذان المعرضة للبسفينول (أ) والدور الوقائي لجلد ثمرة العنب

Study of Physiological Histological and Immunological Changes in Female Rats Exposed to Bisphenol-A- and Protective Role of Grape Skin

The present study was conducted at College of Science in cooperation
with Veterinary Medicine College /University of Karbala to investigate the
effects of exposing to Bisphenol A (BPA) on some hematological,
biochemical, immunological, hormonal parameters in addition to histological
changes in different organs of albino female rats.
The experiment extends for 30 days mature female rats (14-16weeks
old) were divided (40 female rats) into five groups (eight for each group))two
control groups and three treatment groups). The first group served general
control (GC) group and gavaged animals orally with 0.5 ml/Kg /BW of normal
saline daily, the second group gavaged orally in corn oil suspension only with
0.5ml/kg BW and served vehicle control (VC) group, the third group served
as a treatment1 (T1) their diet mixed with 5% grape skin powder and not
gavage, the forth group (treatment 2 group) (T2) their rats orally drenched
with 250 mg/kg/BW of BPA suspended in corn oil daily, the fifth group served
as a treatment3 (T3) their rats orally drenched with 250 mg/kg/BW of BPA
suspended in corn oil daily and their diet mixed with 5% grape skin powder.
The results of present study showed that treatment (2) group caused
significant (p≤ 0.05) decrease in Hb concentration and RBCs count but the
WBC count and neutrophils % were significantly (p≤0.05) increased in female
rats treated with BPA compared with all other groups, while the animals of
treatment (3) group appeared significant enhancement in all hematological
parameters represented in significant raise (p ≤ 0.05) in RBCs count and Hb
level in addition, significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in WBCs count and
neutrophils % in contrast with BPA alone ,the means were reach levels close
to that recorded in control and treatment (1) groups in some hematological
parameters.
Results of the biochemical parameters showed that there were
significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in ALT ,AST levels and level of serum glucose
in female rats treated with BPA only, which caused harmful effects on liver
and kidney, while treatment (3) group demonstrated that there were significant
enhancement (p≤0. 05) in mean of ALT, AST and glucose level compared
with group of BPA only but, they were significantly differ(p≤0. 05) from that
in control groups except glucose level was close to that level of control and
treatment (1)groups. Results of immunological indices showed that BPA leads
to significant (p≤ 0.05) increase in concentrations of C3, IgG, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-
2 and TNF-α compared with all other groups, while grape skin with BPA
caused reduced in serum levels of all immunological parameters compared
with BPA group alone but they don’t reach close to their levels in control and
treatment (1) groups. Results of hormones appeared that there were significant
increase (p≤ 0.05) in estradiol, LH and FSH levels in treatment (2) group,
while levels of these hormones significantly (P≤0.05) lowered in treatment
group compared with BPA group alone but they don’t reach close to their
levels in control and treatment (1) groups. Results of microscopic examination
for tissue sections showed presence of histological changes in organs of liver,
kidney ,ovary ,uterus and spleen in treatment (2) group represented in
presence of pyknotic nuclei in hepatocytes ,massive area of necrosis in the
tubular epithelial cells in kidney , presence of cyst-like structures in ovary ,
increase in uterine luminal epithelial height in uterus and massive necrosis of
white pulp in spleen, while animals of treatment (3) group appeared
ameliorate in histological changes in studied organs compared with group of
BPA only. From the results of the present study, it was concluded that
Bisphenol A leads to a negative results on hematological, biochemical,
immunological, hormonal parameters in addition to histopathological changes
in organs of liver, kidney, ovary, uterus and spleen, grape skin has protective
role in some states to enhancement the harmful effects of BPA e.g. it causes
significant decrease in concentrations of C3, IgG, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-
α,grape skin only induce no change in hematological, biochemical,
immunological, hormonal parameters in addition to histopathological changes
in organs of liver, kidney, ovary, uterus and spleen and Corn oil as a vehicle
does not have significant effects in studied parameters compared with general
control group.