ارتباط تعدد الأشكال الجيني لبعض المؤشرات الحيوية مع العدوى البكتيرية وشدة قرحة القدم السكرية

Association Gene Polymorphism of Some Biomarkers with Bacterial Infections and Severity of Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Summary
Diabetes is a common disease all over the world, diabetic foot ulcer is an open wound that may be occurs in patients with diabetes and represent that the most important complications in these type 2 diabetes patients , there are few studies on the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes patients therefore, this study addressed the genetic polymorphisms of the Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) (I\D) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (A\G) genes with the severity of the disease for patients with and without foot ulcers.
This study is a cross section study, one hundred blood samples were collected in an EDTA tube from both sexes (males and females) aged between (33-76) years old of patients have been attended to the AL-Imam Al-Hasan center for endocrinology and diabetes during the period from August to December 2023. Two groups of patients have been formed: 50 type 2 diabetic patients with foot ulcers and 50 type 2 diabetic patients without foot ulcers, each group underwent testing and a clinical examination, and information about the patients was collected. The genetic polymorphism of the MCP-1 and CRP genes were determined by amplification refractory mutational system (ARMS) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. In addition, swabs with media were taken from the each foot ulcer patient, also aerobic bacteria were isolated and diagnosed by culturing them on appropriate cultural media using several biochemical tests and the VITEK2 compact system. Blood samples were collected in a sodium citrate tubes to determine the fibrinogen level for all patients.
This study was showed Most of descriptive data for the study groups of diabetic patients with and without foot ulcer showed a significant differences (p<0.05). About the duration of disease, there were a significant result in diabetic patients with foot ulcer group in period (>1-3 week) and (1-3 month) compared with other period, while (1-5year) and (<5years) periods significantly affect diabetic without foot ulcer patients more than other groups. Also, about the distribution of other disease the majority of diabetes with foot ulcer was affected with hypertension, while majority of diabetes without foot ulcer were affecting with both hypertension and cardiovascular diseases with a significant differences. In the context of dividing patients according to obesity, a significant difference was recorded only in DFU group.
Moreover, there were a significant increase in fibrinogen levels of diabetic patients with foot ulcer mean (596.08) comparing to diabetic patients without ulcer mean (305.66). About the bacterial growth, the majority (76%) of samples with positive culture, while 24% with no growth. The bacterial type revealed that the majority 78% of bacterial growth were gram-negative bacteria, while only 22% gram-positive bacteria, in context of type of bacterial species isolated from ulcer, the highest percentage was for the Staphylococcus aureus (34%), Klebsiella pneumonia (28%) and Proteus mirabilis (26%).
Concerning the MCP-1 gene, the significant difference were recorded in context of allele frequency; I allele showed a significant increase in both groups compared with D allele, in addition, CRP gene showed a significant difference in context of allele frequency, where G allele significantly appeared in both patients groups as compared with A allele ,