استجابة فستق الحقل لمكافحة الأدغال والرش بالزنك النانوي وإثرهما في صفاتِ النمو والحاصل

Response of Peanut to Weed Control and spraying with nano-zinc and their effect on growth traits and yield

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in one of the fields of Ibn Al-Bitar Vocational Preparatory School / Al-Husseiniyah District affiliated to the Directorate of Education in the Holy Kerbala province on the spring season 2021, by planting a local variety field peanut in a clayey silty soil with, to study the response of the field peanut plant to control weeds and spraying with nano-zinc and the interaction between them in Characteristics of growth, yield and quality in order to determine the best chemical pesticides used to control weeds growing with field peanut crops and the best concentration of zinc nanoparticles. The experiment was applied using the Randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replications, and the treatments were distributed according to the split pilot design. The experiment included two factors: weed control and spraying with nano-zinc. Spray concentrations of nano-zinc (0, 50, and 100) mg L-1 occupied the main plots, which were sprayed in two stages, the first at the beginning of flower formation and the second when the spurs penetrate the soil, while the weed control methods occupied the secondary plots, which included the weedy treatment and the treatment of manual hoeing of weeds that were manually controlled throughout the season and the treatments of the chemical pesticides used before planting Trifluralin and Pendimethalin, which were sprayed 10 days before planting, and the post-cultivation pesticides Oxyfluorfen and Clethodim, which were sprayed during vegetative growth. Weed pesticides were sprayed at the recommended rates. The results of the study showed the following:
• A decrease in the density of the broad-leaved weeds for the 30-day period of spraying the pesticides when Oxyfluorfen and Pendimethalin were used, which gave the lowest weed density of 4.6 and 7.6 plants m-2, respectively, compared to the bushy treatment of 25.5 plants m-2. It reduced the density of broad-leaved weeds for the 60-day period of spraying the pesticides, as they gave the lowest density of the weeds amounting to 6.8 and 8.4 plants m-2, respectively, compared to the bushy treatment of 22.6 plants m-2 respectively, compared to the indoor treatment, 22.6 plants m-2 for the date of 90 days of spraying pesticides. As for the thin leaves weeds for the 30-day date of pesticide spraying, the results showed that there was no significant difference in the control process and the superiority of Oxyfluorfen pesticide reached 4.4 plants m-2 compared to the bushy treatment of 12.0 plants m-2 for the 60th date, while Oxyfluorfen was given to the date 90 days from Less intense pesticide spraying for thin leaves bushes, which amounted to 4.8 plants m-2 compared to the weedy treatment of thin leaves bushes, which amounted to 12.6 plants m-2. and 69.8%. As for the 60-day date of pesticide spraying, the pesticide Oxyfluorfen excelled, which gave the highest control rate of 72.9%, and the Oxyfluorfen pesticide excelled by giving it the highest control rate of 70.3% for the 90-day date of pesticide spraying compared to the indoor treatment, which amounted to 0.0%, and the superiority of the two pesticides Oxyfluorfen and Clethodim for the 30-day date of spraying pesticides, giving them the highest control percentage of thin leaves weeds amounting to 61.7 and 61.7%, respectively. 48.6, 47.9 and 41.5%, respectively. Pendimethalin was superior by giving it the highest control rate of 90.2% for the 90-day date of pesticide spraying, compared to the indoor treatment, which amounted to 0.0%. compared to the indoor treatment, which amounted to 281.9 and 134.1 gm-2, respectively. The pesticide Oxyfluorfen was superior by giving it the highest inhibition rate for the broad and thin-leaved weeds, which amounted to 88.9 and 83.5%, respectively, compared to the weedy treatment, which amounted to 0.0%.
• Oxyfluorfen was superior in giving the highest increase in the dry weight of the biological yield, the number of seeds, the number of pods, the weight of the pods, the weight of 100 healthy and mature seeds, the total yield of the pods, the percentage of protein, the percentage of nitrogen, the content of zinc in the seeds and the percentage of oil, compared to the pre-planting pesticide Trifluralin was significantly superior in the index of chlorophyll values.
• Spraying with nano-zinc at a concentration of 100 mg L-1 increased the most studied traits such as index of chlorophyll values, dry weight of biological yield, number of seeds, number of pods, weight of pods, total pod yield, protein percentage, nitrogen content, zinc content in seeds.
• The results revealed a significant effect of the interaction between weed control and nano-spraying concentrations of zinc in most yield characteristics and its components, as the post-planting herbicide Oxyfluorfen with zinc nano-spray at a concentration of 100 mg L-1 was superior in most of the studied characteristics.

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