استخدام تقانة HS-SPME Fiber للكشف عن المركبات العضوية المتطايرة لخنفساء الحبوب الشعرية الخابرا(Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera:Dermestidae على الحنطة وأستخدام بعض المبيدات الحيوية لمكافحتها

Using HS-SPME Fiber Technology for Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) on wheat

Volatile organic compounds were extracted from intact wheat infected with Capillary grain Beetle using Head Space -Soild Phase Microextraction (SPME) coupled with Chromatography Mass Spectrum (GC-MS) technique. 38 different compounds have been identified in the T. granarium, and wheat infected with T. granarium. Five volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been detected that are present in healthy wheat and were not present in wheat infected with T. granarium. These compounds were d-Limonene; decanoic acid, methyl ester; octadecanoic acid, methyl ester; tetratriacontane, 17-hexadecyl; 1,2-dodecanediol .
The diagnostic results from this study showed that T. granarium-infected wheat contained the compounds cyclopropyl carbinol, 5-methyl-2-heptanol, 2,3-butanediol butanol, 3,3′-oxybis-, 2(3H)-furanone, 5-ethyldihydro-, 2-methyl-6-propyldodecane, decanic acid, methyl ester, n- The presence of a grain beetle insect in the affected wheat can thus be determined using these volatile organic compounds, which are significant and helpful.
Additionally, experiment were carried out to determine the effectiveness of the pesticide Oxymatrine, which is extracted from plants, and the biocide Emamectin benzoate, which was used in three concentrations (1.5, 2, and 2.5 ml/l) and (0.75, 1 and 1.25 ml/l), respectively, in determining the mortality percentage rates of different stages of capillary grain beetles Trogoderma granarium. In comparison to Zinc oxide Nano composition, the results showed that Silica Nanoparticles at a concentration of 300 mg/kg caused a higher percentage of deaths in the second, third, fourth, and fifth larval instars as well as in the adult stage. In comparison to the treatment with zinc oxide nano composition, which saw mortality percentage rates of 33.6, 25.3, and 23.1%, respectively, 7 days after treatment, the mortality percentage rate was 39.5, 26.6 in the second, third, fourth, and fifth larval instars, and 37.1% in the adult stage.
The mortality rate for the second and third instar larvae was 94.5 and 98.9%, respectively, according to the results of the evaluation of Oxymatrine and Emamectin benzoate pesticides. This indicated that the second and third instar larval age was more susceptible than the fourth and fifth instar larval stage used in the experiment. All the concentrations of Oxymatrine and Emamectin benzoate pesticide has achieved the highest mortality rates after three days of treatment and reached 100%. However, Oxymatrine pesticide clearly outperformed Emamectin benzoate pesticide on the first day, where the concentration of 2.5 ml/l achieved the highest mortality of 97.7%.
In comparison to other concentrations used in the experiments, the concentration of oxymatrine at 2.5 ml/l caused the highest mortality rates for the adult stage of the khapra grain Beetle and all periods, with a mortality rate of 76.16%. This was a significant difference from the other concentrations at 1.5 and 2 ml/l, which recorded mortality rates of 56.38 and 61.38%, respectively.
The results of the synergistic interaction between Oxymatrine 1 ml/l and Silica Nanocomposite of 300 mg/kg were demonstrated on the fourth , fifth instar larvae and adult stages of T. granarium. The concentrations used gave the highest mortality rates after 5 days of treatment by 100% and for all tested stages. On the first day was recorded the mortality rate for the fourth and fifth instar larval stages of 17.77% compared to the adult stage, which recorded no mortality rate.