التأثيرات الفسيولوجية والنسجية للأورليستات على وظائف الكلى ودور مستخلص القرفة في تحسينها لدى ذكور الجرذان المصابة بفرط الدهون

The Physiological and Histological Effects of Orlistat on kidney function and the role of Cinnamon extract in improving for Male Rats with hyperlipidemia

Abstract
The current study examined the adverse effects of orlistat alone and in combination with cinnamon on changes in renal tissue in obese male rats. It also assessed the antioxidant properties and protective effects of the extract of cinnamon by examining its improved effects on the pathological changes in kidney tissue caused by the drug orlistat, as well as improvements in the state of oxidative stress, blood fat levels, and weight loss.
Forty adult male rats divided into two experiment :- First experience (induction obesity) the experimental animals divided into for Control group : 10 rats received only rats normal diet without fat , the High fat diet group : 30 rats received only fed with high-fat diet contain (Plate with soy fat) , After (six weeks) the weight gain , body weight , serum cholesterol , triglycerides and lipids were determined in the first and second main groups to ensure the induction.
Second experiment , after confirming the induction of obesity daily oral dosing with the Control group : 10 rats received only rats normal diet without fat, the High fat diet group: 30 rats after induction of obesity divided into the Group high fat diet with orlistat 10 rats (10 mg/kg/day) , the Group high fat diet with cinnamon 10 rats (100 mg/kg BW), the Group high fat diet with orlistat (10 mg/kg/day) and cinnamon (100 mg/kg BW) 10 rats.
Rats were given a chloroform anesthetic to make them unconscious, and then blood samples were taken from the heart to examine blood tests, liver enzymes oxidants and antioxidants, and dissected animals to get the kidney for a histopathological investigation , The mean value of weight gain and body weight were increase in a significant value in fat group comparatively to control group. while there were a significant decrement for weight gain and body weight in orlistat group and cinnamon group comparison with fat group.
Also a significant decrement for weight gain and body weight in group mix (orlistat and cinnamon) when comparative with orlistat group and cinnamon group. Addition that showed cholesterol , triglycerides , LDL-c and VLDL-c were increase in a significant value while showed a significant decrease in HDL-c in fat group comparatively to control group. Also there were a significant decrease in cholesterol , Triglycerides , LDL-c and VLDL-c while showed a significant increase in HDL-c in orlistat group and cinnamon group as compared to fat group. while in group mix (orlistat and cinnamon) showed a significant decrease in cholesterol , Triglycerides , LDL-c and VLDL-c with a significant increase in HDL-c when comparative with orlistat group and cinnamon group.
The result also showed in examination of Urea , Creatinine , K+2 and Na were increase in a significant value while showed a significant decrease in Ca+2 in fat group comparatively to control group. Also there were a significant decrease in Urea , Creatinine , K+2 and Na with a significant increase in Ca+2 in orlistat group and cinnamon group as compared to fat group. While showed a significant decrease in Urea , Creatinine , K+2 and Na with a significant increase in Ca+2 in group mix (orlistat and cinnamon) when comparative with orlistat group and cinnamon group.
In this study showed Serum Cystatin C and Neutrophil gelatinase – associated lipocalin (NGAL) were increase in a significant value in fat group comparatively to control group. Also there were a significant decrease in Serum Cystatin C and Neutrophil gelatinase – associated lipocalin (NGAL) in orlistat group and cinnamon group as compared to fat group. While showed a significant decrease in Serum Cystatin C and Neutrophil gelatinase – associated lipocalin (NGAL) in group mix (orlistat and cinnamon) as compared to orlistat group and cinnamon group.
While in liver oxidant and antioxidant enzyme showed GSH were decrease in a significant value while there were a significant increment in MDA for fat group comparatively to control group. Also there were a significant decrement in GSH and MDA for orlistat group and cinnamon group when comparative with fat group. While showed a significant increment in GSH with a significant decrement in MDA in group mix orlistat and cinnamon group when comparative with orlistat group and cinnamon group.
Histological examination of kidney section of control group as showed the normal histological architecture of renal cortex with significant glomeruli and regular renal tubules , Also the histological examination of kidney section for a high fat diet group were staind with haematocylin and eosin , as showed the abnormal appearance of the renal cortex, severe infiltration of inflammatory cells into the interstitial space, substantial glomerular atrophy and tubular necrosis, and notable changes in the glomeruli, as evidenced by atrophy interstitial per glomerular inflammation.
Histopathological examination of kidney section for a high fat diet and Orlistat group showed mild histological improvements in cortical tissue , glomerulous atrophy , dilation of bowman capsule , interstitial inflammatory cells infiltration and significant tubular epithelium degeneration. Addition that in histological examination of kidney section for a high fat diet and Cinnamon group were staind with haematocylin and eosin , as showed significant histological improvements in renal cortical tissue , normal glomeruli , normal tubules , slight interstitial inflammatory cells infiltration and mild degeneration.
While in Histopathological examination of kidney section for a high fat diet and Cinnamon with orlistat group showed some Histopathological alterations in renal tissue , normal glomeruli with little atrophied , normal tubules ,slight interstitial inflammatory cells infiltration and marked congestion with slight degeneration and mild congestion. The study was concluded that hypolipidemic effect of cinnamon and reduced body weight