التأثير الجاذب او الطارد لبعض المستخلصات النباتية في الذباب المنزلي Musca domestica Diptera : Muscidae

The effects of attractants and repelleants for some plants extracts to houseflies Musca domestica ( Diptera : Muscidae)

This study was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of  biology / College of Education Pure Sciences for the period from 2015 to 2016 where used foure concentration from aqueous (hot and cold) and Ethanolic  extracts to six plants are( Harmala- Peganum harmala ,  Myrtle- Myrtus communis,.,,  Eucalyptus- Eucalyptus spp, Mint- Mentha longifolai , Wormwood-Artemisia campestris ,and Ginger officinale    Zingiber,) as repellants or attractants to adults housefly Musca  domestica L.

The relationship between percentages and the strength of repellent and      attraction of the different kinds of plant extracts in various concentrations with duration of exposure adult insect, the results indicated that all plant , aqueous (hot and cold) and Ethanolic  extracts had done repellent for adults housefly at all concentrations used in the study, and the percentages and the strength of repellants higher than percentages and the strength of attraction in all concentrations of the experiment., And that the highest repellent percentages may have occurred in the first hour after exposing the adult aqueous extracts and alcoholic mint, ginger, Myrtle and eucalyptus and wormwood while the highest repellent percentages after 48 hours of aqueous extracts hot and cold and vegetarian harmala and wormwood while the highest percentage was showed  after 24 hours to aqueous extracts (cold) harmala

Results indicated that the highest repellent percentages recorded after 48 hours of exposure adult to aqueous ethanolic extracts of Ginger and Wormwood Myrtle and eucalyptus while attracting the highest percentage of plant extracts mint recorded after 24 hours and harmala hour later , A higher repellent percentages 66.2% in the aqueous extract of the plant harmala recorded by focusing 10 mg / ml after 24 hours of treatment, while the highest record attracting 33.3% of the ethanolic extract of the plant Myrtle at concentration of 10 mg / ml after an hour of treatment , Results showed that the highest value for the repellent strength was get in the first hour of the treatment of adult in all types of extracts and all plants species except the recording high repellent strength after 48 hours of aqueous hot and cold extracts Harmala and aqueous cold for Myrtle ,While the highest values as repellent strength after 24 and 48 hours in plant extracts studied , he highest repellent strength of 49.8 in the aqueous cold extract of Myrtle at a concentration of 10 mg / ml and 48 hours after treatment and recorded the highest attracting strength of 33.8 in the ethanolic extract of the wormwood plant and a concentration of 10 mg / ml after 48 hours of treatment .

The  results of percentages and strength  of repellent and attractant

for comparison between  ethanolic  and aqueous (hot and cold) extracts in different concentrations showed a positive relationship between repellent percentages and strength of the various plant extracts and concentration ratios used,  with the highest percentages when the concentration 10 mg / ml .while the percentages and strength of attractants  fluctuated , in most of the extracts did not record any type of relationship between them and the concentrations used, the hot aqueous extracts of harmala and Myrtle, mint and eucalyptus stronger than repellent percentages of the ethanolic and cold aqueous extracts of ginger .while recorded the highest attracting percentages of alcoholic extracts of Myrtle , harmala  and wormwood , and hot aqueous extracts for plants mint and eucalyptus , and cold aqueous extracts of ginger    cold aqueous extracts of harmala , ginger and Myrtle and hot aqueous extracts of eucalyptus , mint and ethanolic extact of wormwood recorded higher strength repellent for adults house fly in all concentrations used in the experiments, while ethanolic extracts of ginger and wormwood and mint , cold aqueous extracts of eucalyptus and  Myrtle , and hot aqueous extracts for Harmala  had the highest values in attracting strength for adults house fly

     For comparison between repellent or attractant percentages and strength of different plants extracts the results showed  that highest repellent percentages and strength value were recorded (42.3% ,38.6) when treated flies with aqueous and ethanolic extracts at concentration of 10 mg / ml of the Harmala , mint, respectively, either in the concentration of 7.5 mg / ml recorded the highest repellent percentages and strength (34.7%, 38.9) to extract eucalyptus, either 5 mg / ml highest repellent percentages and strength value was recorded (29.4%, 28.1) to extracts of  mint,  Myrtle  respectively, either in the concentration of 2.5 mg / ml was (26.2, 20.9) of mint and Myrtle respectively. As for the attractant percentages and strength was recorded the highest values of (24.4%, 22.9) for the extracts Myrtle, ginger at concentration of 10 mg / ml, while in the concentration of 7.5 mg / ml was the highest percentages and strength attracting( 23.5%, 17.5) to extract, eucalyptus, while the concentration of 5 mg / ml was the highest percentages and strength attracting( 22.1%, 18.3) for the ginger extract, in concentration of 2.5 mg / ml recorded the highest percentages and strength attracting ( 21.0%, 13.5) for extracts Myrtle, ginger, respectively.

Results indicated evidentiary statements of plants under study to the existence of Altaaninat and Alkleikosadat and flavonoids and phenols in both plants and both extracts (aqueous and alcohol)

As for the alkaloids are found in harmala and wormwood, mint and ginger in the alcoholic extract, and there Saboninat in the aqueous extract of all plants except harmala, while there are Resins in both extracts of alcoholic plants all, and there Fayyokumaranat in the alcoholic extract of plant mint, ginger, eucalyptus.

Upon detection of active groups in plant extracts by FTIR device shows different strength and type of active groups in the extracts according to different factors and extraction was aggregates OH, CH aliphatic, C = C and C = O groups present in the water and Alitanolih extracts.

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