التأثير الوقائي والعلاجي للمستخلص الكحولي لجذور نبات الهليون Asparagus officinalis في بعض التغيرات النسجية والوظيفية في أناث الجرذان البيض المستحث فيها متلازمة تكيس المبايض

The preventive and therapeutic effect of the alcoholic extract of Asparagus officinalis roots on some histological and functional changes in female albino rats induced by polycystic ovary syndrome

The study aimed to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effect of the alcoholic extract of Asparagus officinalis roots against the harmful effects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) induced by letrozole in female rats, Rattus norvegicus, by studying some histological changes and functional and hormonal parameters.
The study was conducted in the animal house of the College of Pharmacy – University of Karbala and the laboratories of the College of Education for Pure Sciences, Department of Life Sciences – University of Karbala, from the beginning of February 2022 to July 2022, thirty-five 35 female white rats of Albino Rates were used, which were divided randomly into five groups, with seven for each group It was treated as follows: The first group (G1) was dosed orally with 1% Carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (CMC) for 28 days and counted as a negative control group. The second group (G2) was dosed orally with Asparagus officinalis root extract at a concentration of 400 mg / kg for a period 28 days, the third group (G3) orally dosed letrozole 1gm dissolved in CMC 1% for a period of 28 days to induce polycystic ovary syndrome, which was considered a positive control group ,The fourth group (G4) orally was dosed with Letrozole 1gm dissolved in CMC 1% for 28 days and then treated with 400 mg/kg of asparagus extract from Asparagus officials for another 28 days, the fifth group (G5) was dosed orally with asparagus root extract at a concentration of 400 mg \ kg and dosed orally with letrozole 1gm dissolved in CMC 1% for the same period above, many studies were conducted on it: histological study, histochemistry study, immunohistochemistry study and histological measurements as well as the hormonal study, the study of antioxidants and the study of weight measurements for each group and through these Studies have obtained the following results:
hemotoxylin and eosin-stained histopathological sections When compared to the control group, from the polycystic ovary group showed a reduction in the corpus luteum and an increase in cystic follicles that had dilated on the surface of the ovary, while in the asparagus root extract-treated group, the ovarian follicles were seen in various stages of growth and development. Two groups, therapeutic and preventive, increased.
The study showed histochemistry in sections stained with Trichrome stain, which distinguished only the group of induce PCOS with abundance and density of collagen fibers, from groups that were characterized by low density in groups treated with asparagus root extract and the control group.
While the granulosa layer exhibited a negative interaction with the protein associated with cellular proliferation Ki67 in the group of induce PCOS immunohistochemical analysis, the theca layer showed a positive interaction. The granulosa layer cells and theca cells in the wall of the secondary follicle displayed positive immunoactivity for the protein Ki67 in the control group and groups given asparagus root extract.
Dosing animals with letrizole to induce polycystic ovaries G3 resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the number of ovarian follicles, the number of corpus luteum, and an increase in the number and expansion of cystic follicles. A significant (p < 0.05) increase in the theca cell layer was observed, corresponding to a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the granule cells layer, compared with the negative control group G1 and asparagine G2, G4, G5 groups, Which showed a significant increase (P˂0.05) in the ovarian follicles and the number of corpus luteum with a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the number of cystic follicles compared with the G3 group, and a significant increase (P˂0.05) in the granulosa cells in the therapeutic and preventive groups G4, G5 While the decrease was not significant in the G2 asparagus group compared with the G1 control group.
The results of the hormonal study in the G3 polycystic ovaries group showed a significant decrease (P˂0.05) in the level of the hormones estradiol E2 and the follicle growth stimulating hormone (FSH). Asparagus G2, G4, G5. Which showed a significant increase (P˂0.05) in the level of estradiol E2 and the follicle growth hormone (FSH) against a significant decrease (P˂0.05) in the level of testosterone T and luteinizing hormone (LH) compared with the G3 positive control group.
The results of antioxidants in the G3 group indicated a significant decrease (P˂0.05) in the level of glutathione GSH, while there was a significant increase (P˂0.05) in the level of malondialdehyde MDA compared with the negative control and asparagus groups G2, G4, G5, which showed a significant increase (P˂ 0.05) in the level of glutathione (GSH), while there was a significant decrease (P˂0.05) in the level of malondialdehyde MDA compared with the G3 positive control group.
As for the weight study, it showed a significant increase (P˂0.05) in the polycystic ovary group in body weight and ovaries weight, compared with the negative control and asparagus G2, G4, and G5 groups, which indicated a significant decrease (P˂0.05) in body weights and ovaries. compared with the G3 positive control group.
According to the results of the current study, the ovaries fertility parameters were improved by the asparagus root extract by promoting the follicles growth and development and lowering the prevalence of metabolic and endocrine problems brought on by the emergence of polycystic ovaries.