التحريض الوظيفي والكيميائي المناعي للسيليمارين على التعبير الجيني للبرولاكتين في الغدة النخامية والغدد الثديية خلال فترة الرضاعة في إناث الجرذان

Physiological And Immunohistochemical Investigation Of Silymarin Effect On The Prolactin Gene Expression In Pituitary And Mammary Glands During Lactation Period In Female Rats

Abstract
The current study was carried out to investigation the effects of Silymarin on prolactin hormone gene expression in female rats during lactation period.
Twelve lactating rats were randomly divided into two groups (six /group), control group normal saline , while the silymarin group was intubated orally with (200 mg/kg/day B .W) of Silymarin for ten days
Fasting blood samples were collected by cardiac punctures technique and tissue from the pituitary gland after ten days of experimental for measuring serum biomarker levels of the Prolactin,Estrogen and Progesterone hormone pituitary tissue biomarker of oxidative stress including Glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration.Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) activities, furthermore a sample of the anterial lobe of Pituitary gland was taken to measure gene expression and also taken mammary gland and anterial lobe of Pituitary gland were assessed for histopathological changes and immunohistochemistry.
The result of our study showed a significant (P<0.05) increase of serum prolactin and estrogen hormones, GSH concentration, SOD and CAT activities in the treated group with 200 mg/kg B .W of Silymarin compare to control group , while showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the serum progesterone hormone and MDA concentration in silymarin compare to control group .
The results of the present study indicated a positive correlation (P<0.05) between gene expression and prolactin and estrogen hormone, while showing a negative correlation between gene expression and progesterone hormone.
A positive correlation (P<0.05) was found between gene expression and GSH concentration, SOD and CAT activities ,while showing negative correlation between gene expression and MDA concentration in lactating rats

Our study found that when silymarin was given daily for ten days in lactation period, it increased the gene expression of the prolactin gene responsible for the production of the prolactin hormone compared to the control group.
The present study explained there were numerous histological and immunohistochemical changes occurred in pituitary and mammary glands, as well as pituitary and mammary glands immunoreactive of prolactin.One of these changes was observed in the density of lactotroph cells in the pars distalis of the pituitary gland and activity of these cells during followed production of prolactin also.
In control group the lactotrophs in pituitary gland appeared less in activity and paucity in reaction stain , while, in treated group Immunocytochemistry performed with the Prolactin showed a positive reaction throughout the anterior part of pars distalis, the lactotrophs cells appeared oval in shaped and closed to a sinusoid with density in secretory granules seemed in cytoplasm and interstitial spaces .
In control animals, the mammary glands demonstrated lobules distributed among amount of adipose tissue. The mammary alveoli seemed empty from milk and the alveolar cells weakly reaction by antibody of prolactin stain. In addition, the interlobular ducts it narrow and few in number,
The silymarin-treated group displayed enlarged lobules alveoli, with a commensurate decrease in adipose tissue. A thin band of fibrous connective tissue divides the mammary lobes. In comparison to the control group, the treated animals’ intra lobular ducts had such a large lumen and were bordered by plain cuboidal cells. A flawless single layer spindle was produced in its place by (myoepithelial) cells when the basement membrane was reattached to the alveoli and alveolar duct.
In condition, the findings of the present investigation support the significance of Silymarin in raising prolactin gene expression and in decreasing oxidation status with raised lactotroph activity.