التخليق الحيوي ، التوصيف ، الفعالية المضادة للاكسدة ، والتطبيقات السريرية لجسيمات الفضة النانوية المصنعة من مستخلص أوراق الدودونيا

Biosynthesis, Characterization, Antioxidant Activity, and Clinical Application of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Dodonaea viscosa Leaves Extract

Abstract

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from plant extracts is considered one of the green chemistry methods, as this method is characterized by ease, fast and low cost. Interestingly, AgNPs have an important role, especially in nano-medicine. In this study, silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized using Dodonaea viscosa leaves extract. The first evidence for the formation of these particles was proven through the color change.
Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy analysis was used to indicate the constituents found in the aqueous leaves extract of D. viscosa, which involved the reduction of silver ion into silver nanoparticles. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using different techniques. UV.-visible spectrophotometry that indicated the formation of AgNPs at the wavelength of 463 nm. and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy which revealed the effective functional groups that have ability to bio-reduction Ag+. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) determined the crystal structure of AgNPs, as shown by the peaks at 2θ values of 38.1874, 46.2491, 57.5409 and76. 8313ο.The atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis showed the size and the surface properties of biosynthesized nanoparticles, and the silver nanoparticles had an average size of 60.22 nm. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed spherical shape of AgNPs and having different average diameter D1 (21.10), D2 (21.39) and D3 (11.86) nm.
In vitro study, the synthesized AgNPs exhibited potential anti-tumor activities against human lung cancer (A549) carcinoma cell line in a dose-dependent manner. The efficacy of AgNPs against bacteria and its potential as an antioxidant was tested. AgNPs inhibited some bacterial growth and their biofilm such as, gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumonia.) and gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). AgNPs showed antioxidant activity and can be used as a potential radical scavenger against damages produced by the free radicals.
The results of clinical applications showed that the synthesize AgNPs and the aqueous D. viscosa leaves extract prolonged the coagulation time by increasing prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time as well as, AgNPs have a low effect on the human red blood cells hemolysis.