التقييم الحيوي Bioassay لتوليفة البوليمر الحيوي Chitosan مع بعض المبيدات الامنة وصديقة البيئة في السيطرة على خنفساء اللوبيا الجنوبية Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bruchidea)

Evaluation of the efficiency of some essential oils coated with nanoparticles and ozone gas in controlling the southern cowpea weevil Callosobruchus

A series of laboratory experiments were carried out in the College of Agriculture – University of Karbala laboratories to evaluate the efficacy of physical control by heat and plant extracts of black pepper fruit oil and eucalyptus leaf oil, as well as the pesticides Chlorantraniliprole and Oxymatrine in estimating the percentages of mortality of the roles of the southern cowpea beetles Callosobruchus maculatus Fab and studying the synergistic effect of With the help of chitosan nanopolymer.
Three temperatures were chosen for the purpose of evaluating their effectiveness in the mortality rate of different roles of the southern cowpea beetle insect, with exposure periods of 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours. The temperature of 45 °C recorded the highest death rate of 100% after 6 hours of exposure over the full lifespan, compared to the larval stage, which achieved 100% mortality after 4 hours of exposure. After 2 hours of exposure to the egg treatment, the rate of hatching inhibition was 100%.
The essential oil extracts of black pepper and eucalyptus were examined at three concentrations of 2, 2.5, and 3 ml/liter. The results showed that the extract of black pepper fruits oils had the highest mortality rate against adult insects at a concentration of 3 ml / liter, with a mortality rate of 75.00% compared to the treatment of eucalyptus extract, which had a mortality rate of 63.61% after 7 days of treatment. The same concentration resulted in the highest larval mortality rates, with rates of 82.22 and 68.33%, respectively. Whenever it related to the function of the egg, the black pepper oil extract outperformed the eucalyptus extract, achieving a rate of 96.66% inhibition of egg hatching at a dosage of 3 ml / liter.
The evaluation of the effectiveness of the pesticides Chlorantraniliprole and Oxymatrine on the life performance of the insect roles showed that Chlorantraniliprole was superior in achieving the highest mortality rates for adults with percentages of 80.08, 83.24, and 95.00% at concentrations of 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 ml / L, respectively, after 7 days of treatment in comparison to the control group. Oxymatrine concentrations of 1.5, 2, and 2.5 ml/L attained 70.00, 79.83, and 88.58%, respectively, during the same time period. Chlorantraniliprole recorded the highest rates of mortality in the larval stage of 81.83, 90.41, and 96.33% at concentrations 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 ml / L, respectively, after 7 days of treatment compared to Oxymatrine, which achieved 75.00, 83.33, and 92.49% at concentrations 1.5, 2, and 2.5 ml / L and the same time period. Regarding the treatment of eggs, Chlorantraniliprole continued to outperform at concentrations of 0.15 and 0.20 ml/L, with a hatching inhibition percentage of 100 percent.
The results of the synergistic study between the polymer Chitosan at a concentration of 1 ml / liter and the treatments (Chili extract and Eucalyptus extract at a concentration of 2 ml / liter, Chlorantraniliprole 0.05 ml / liter and Oxymatrine 1.5 ml / liter) indicated that black pepper extract + chitosan caused the highest rates of cell death. A mortality rate of 80.00% was achieved in comparison to eucalyptus extract + chitosan, which achieved a mortality rate of 71.66% for adults, and the continued superiority of black pepper extract + chitosan against the larval stage at the same concentration and with significant differences from eucalyptus leaf extract + chitosan polymer, which achieved a mortality rate of 85.00%., 77.50%, respectively. The combination of chitosan and chlorantraniliprole achieved the highest mortality rate in this study, recording 94.16 and 92.50% for the larval and adult stages, respectively, with no significant difference compared to the combination of chitosan and oxymatrine, which achieved 91.66 and 89.16%, respectively.