التواصلية في نثر زيد بن علي (عليه السلام) ت(122هـ)

The communicative in the prose of Zaid bin Ali (peace be upon him)

Abstract
In conclusion, we thank God Almighty who has enabled us to accomplish this work . The researcher believes that studying the Arab heritage in general ,and studying the heritage of the People of the House ,peace be upon them in particular ,with criticism and analysis according to modern linguistic studies, contributes to understanding the texts from Various angles.
Including psychological ,phil0sophical and communication Among the most pr0minent results reached by the study ,we Summarize them in the foll0wing points:
Ancient Arab linguists noticed that the success of the
1) linguistic communication process depends on the speaker ‘s Intentions and the recipient’s understanding of the speech. We Find Sibawayh setting the rules based on the interpretation of The mother according to the speaker’s intentions ,and Al-Farra’ and lbn Jinni followed him in that. As for the rhetoricians, they relied on The addressee’s understanding of speech.
2) Linguists have noticed that obscene words in some dialects,Such as anathema, kashasha, and others, affect linguistic.
One country , so the speaker must understand the other dialect before speaking it to avoid unnecessary problems.
3) Zaid bin Ali ,peace be upon him , employed the style of appeal best in his prose to make the communication process. Verbs were connected to the third person pronouns .
This is the style of Zaid bin Al i ,peace be upon him ,in his sermons ,with easy meanings and abundant words.
Achieve successful communication with listeners through it as The study showed the strength of the argument of Zaid bin Ali ,peace be upon him ,which stems from the strenth His knowledge ,his mastery of the language and its rhethods.
4) The sender,Zaid bin Ali,peace be upon him,used the command style more than the prohibitive style in his speech ,and most of the imperative verbs were connected to the third – person pronouns ”waw” and the group),and the meanings of the command and prohibition styles in his prose turned into metaphorical meanings according to the context and the speaker’s intent. As for the communicative functions in the two command styles and the prohibition has dominated the vocative.
5) This is the style of zaid bin Ali ,peace be upon him, in his sermons,with easy meanings and abundant and abundant words.Try to achieve successful with the listeners through it ,as the communication process will be successful if there is there is .
6) The study showed the strength of the argument of Zaid bin Ali ,peace be upon him ,which stems from the strength of his personality , knowledge ,cultre ,mastery of the language and its rhetorical methods ,methods ,and his knowledge of the mechanisms of argumentation.
7) The research concluded that the Qur’ anic readings related toZaid bin Ali, ”peace be upon him” lt is included in declarative speech acts.
8) Zaid bin Ali,peace be upon him ,did not use the call for the grammatical ,which is a request to alert the addressee .Rather ,he intended by it many rhetorical conntations.In most of words,he deleted the letter of the call.The reason may be because the style of the call overlapped with the style of the command.
9) The speech acts in the prose of Zaid bin Ali ,peace be upon him,were not equal .The expressive acts in hin speeches were dominated by the joy,sadness,and anger they represent ,expressing his psychological state .We find an abundance of demanding (imperative) communicative speech acts in his prose.
We also find that there are few announcements or (statements) in his prose,including his declaration of war and jihad against unjust rulers.