التوصيف الكيمياوي والحيوي للزيوت الطيارة لنباتي الزعتر Thymus vulgari واليوكالبتوس globulus Eucalyptus وتأثيرهما في حيوية الرؤيسات الاولية لطفيلي الاكياس المائية Echinococcus granulosus في الزجاج

Chemical and biological characterization of the volatile oils of Thymus vulgaris and Eucalyptus globulus and their effect on the vitality of the of the Protoscolices Echinococus granulosus In vitro

This study was conducted for the period from December 2023 to April 2024 in the Department of Biology / College of Education for Pure Sciences / University of Karbala. The study included the effect and therapeutic efficiency of the volatile oil extract and the cold aqueous extract of Thymus vulgaris and Eucalyptus globulus against the Protoscolices of the water cyst parasite Echinococcus granulosus. In order to find an effective and safe treatment to get rid of the disease caused by this parasite, the effect of these plant extracts was tested on the Protoscolices ttaken from livers. Infected sheep in Karbala Province.
Four concentrations were taken from each volatile oil or cold aqueous extract, represented by 10000 ppm, 5000, 2500, and 1250 ppm The treatment was done individually for each extract, whether it was volatile oil or cold aqueous, as well as in a synergistic manner, as the initial concentrations were calculated in a volume of 5 microliters of the hydatid fluid before the treatment. Then, several times, it was compared to the effect of albendazole treatment. The results showed high effectiveness of the extract of the volatile oil of the thyme plant and the oil of eucalyptus, individually and together. The most effective was the concentration of 10000 ppm 5000 ppm for the two oils together, as all the Protoscolices were killed immediately after treatment. The results showed that there were significant differences between the two concentrations in terms of time and concentration. As for the concentration of 2500 ppm, they were killed after an hour, and the concentration of 1250 ppm is the concentration that took the longest time, as the Protoscolices were killed after two hours of treatment, whileThe aqueous extracts gave weak results compared to the volatile oil, as the concentration of ppm 10,000 and ppm 5000 for the aqueous extract of thyme was the most effective, which took 12 hours to kill all the heads. As for the concentration of ppm 2500, it was killed after 24 hours, and the concentration of ppm 1250 was killed after 36 hours. The concentration differed for the Eucalyptus plant, as the Protoscolices were killed within 12 hours. An hour for the first three concentrations, 10000, 5000, ppm. 2500, while the concentration of 1250 ppm was killed after 24 hours of treatment. Through statistical analysis, it was revealed that there were significant differences between the concentration and time.
The study dealt with the chemical content of the volatile oil extracted from the leaves of the thyme plant and the volatile oil extracted from the leaves of the eucalyptus plant. The compounds were chemically identified using the GC/MS Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry technique. It was found that there were twenty-eight chemical compounds in the volatile oil of the thyme plant and ten compounds of the eucalyptus plant resulting from metabolism. These included compounds Many of them belong to terpenes, alkaloids, steroids, esters, unsaturated fats, essential oils and a number of compounds.Thymol represented a percentage of 36.04% of the total isolated compounds compared to the rest of the compounds. As for the volatile oil of the Eucalyptus plant, the terpenes showed the highest percentage and were represented by the 1,8-Cineole compound, recorded at a concentration of 83.34%, and the o-Cymol compound, a percentage of 8.53%. The chemical compounds had an effective role in Distinguishing between the two types, while the compounds Thymol, Camphene, 1-Borneol, Hydrocortisone, P-Menthane, and 1,8-Cineole contributed.