العلاقة بين تسمم بالرصاص ومرض الكلى المزمن في عينة من السكان العراقيين

Association between Lead Poisoning and Chronic Kidney Disease in a Sample of Iraqi Population

Abstract
Study included to estimate blood lead levels (BLL) in sera of patients with chronic kidney disease and its comparison with those in the control group, estimation of lead in the blood as a toxic element and its association with the development of chronic kidney disease among a sample of Iraqi population and to investigate the relationship between antioxidants, oxidative stress, and blood lead levels and their effect on the kidneys function tests that can be seen in CKD patients.
A case-control study included 77 subjects, their ages ranged from (17-72) years, 45 of whom were diagnosed with chronic kidney disease, while the other 32 were diagnosed as healthy controls. Samples were collected from December 2021 until May 2022.
The results of this study shows the mean of BLL (mg/dl) were highly significant increase in patients with CKD group as compared to controls group (p˂0.001), and found that highly significant elevation in biomarkers SCr, B Ur, TC, HDL, Non-HDL-C, LDL and MDA in patients group as compared to healthy groups in p˂0.001, and found that highly significant diminution in e GFR, TAC and Conc. Se in patients group as compared to healthy groups in p˂0.001, and found that non- significant in Age, BMI, TG, and VLDL in patients group as compared to healthy groups in p≥0.05. Also there is positive significant correlation between BLL, B Ur, S Cr, and MDA p≤0.001, also there is negative significant correlation between BLL, e GFR, TAC and Conc. Se p˂0.001.
From the results of this study it is concluded that the rise in lead levels in the blood leads to a decrease in antioxidants and an increase in oxidants in patients, and associated with low eGFR in patients with CKD, and so it is involved in the development of chronic kidney disease, and increased BLL levels were a major risk factor for CKD and may be clinically meaningful, and the high level of lead and low level of selenium in the blood of patients with chronic kidney disease has a relationship with increase the risks of oxidative stress, kidney failure and through a decrease in the level of antioxidants (TAC) and an increase in the final product of MDA.