العلاقة بين مرض السكري من النوع الثاني والأفلاتوكسين B1 وتأثيرهما على بعض المعايير الكيموحيوية للإنسان في محافظة بغداد

The Relationship Between Type 2 Diabetes Disease and Aflatoxin B1 and Their Effects on Some Human Biochemical Parameters in Baghdad Province

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a type of metabolic disorder leading to hyperglycemia because of impaired insulin, insulin resistance, or both. insulin resistance condition, where people with T2DM produce insulin but are unable to adequately utilize it to move glucose to their cells, leading to elevated glucose levels. The estimated global prevalence of diabetes in individuals aged 20 to 79 years was 10.5% (536.6 million) in 2021 and was projected to increase to 12.2% (783.2 million) in 2045. Many of the risk factors leading to T2DM include oxidative stress, obesity, and contamination of food. aflatoxin B1 secondary metabolites from the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, These toxins contaminate food, feed, and many foodstuffs such as rice, corn, canned food, vegetables, and peanuts. The aim of this study was the examination of aflatoxin B1 levels in the blood serum of patients with type 2 diabetes and the correlation of those levels to several physiological and biochemical parameters.

Case-control research design Samples were donated by Diabetes Central/Baghdad, Endocrines, and Al-Kindy Hospital. A total of 177 participations were investigated; 93 (44 males and 49 females) had T2DM, and 84 (37 males and 47 females) were controls. Each subject had 10 ml of blood collected from a vein, and the serum was separated using centrifugation. These serum samples were subsequently used to perform enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests on triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Thin-layer chromatography and High Performance Liquid Chromatography methods for the qualitative and quantitative detection of aflatoxin B1. Also, used complete blood count device measurements of white blood count, Hemoglobin, and red blood cells and fine-care measurements of HBA1C. Additionally, Fasting Blood Sugar, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminases,, urea, and creatinine can be measured in the hospital utilizing an automated device.

The study’s data analysis was created using the IBM SPSS 26 statistical tool. The groups were compared on various levels using the ANOVA table and Duncan test. The link between the variables was determined by comparing the observed findings with the expected outcomes using the chi-square test. The association between the two was demonstrated and the relationship’s enduring tendency was determined using the correlation persons coefficient (r).

The outcome demonstrated a relationship between AFB1 both the patient and control groups. Male and female patients had the highest levels of toxin (3.98 ng/ml and 4.01 ng/ml, respectively). In addition, males and females in the control group had the highest level of toxin (0.14 ng/ml). AFB1 also shown a positive correlation with T2DM (r= 0.528). High levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminases, urea, and creatinine, as well as high levels of TSH, T4, and low levels of T3, were the effects of AFB1 and T2DM on physiological and biochemical markers. Additionally, increased WBCs counts and significantly decrease RBCs and HB levels (P< 0.05).

The conclusion is that females more sensitive than male for AFB1. The results of this study showed that the presence of toxins in the body at any level poses a risk to human health since they accumulate over time and interfere with a number of biological functions. T2DM and AFB1 had negative effects on the biomarkers utilized in the experiment, though to varying degrees. The study groups that contained AFB1 demonstrated how AFB1 leads to the onset of diabetes by having higher FBS and HBA1C levels.