الكشف عن فعالية بعض المستخلصات النباتية الطبية في تثبيط نمو الفطريات المرضية المعزولة والمشخصة جزيئيا

Detecting the effectiveness of some medicinal plant extracts in growth of pathogenic fungi isolated and identified molecularly

abstract

The current study included identifying the type of fungi that are pathogenic to the skin and mouth and the possibility of studying the inhibitory effectiveness of some plant extract against isolated fungi species.The outcomes of the study reached that:
Out of total of 115 clinical samples ,56 skin samples included 42 hair sample ,2 nails, 15 mouth swab samples, which were taken from patients with fungi injuries to the skin and mouth . they were among the reviewers of imam Al- Hassan hospital ,and the childrens teaching hospital in Kerbala Governorate for the period from December 2022to May 2023 the presence of fungi found 42 samples (32 skin samples and 10 sample of the mou th ). These fungi were diagnosed based on the phenoscopic and microscopic qualities . the diagnosis was confirmed molecularly by use of polymerization sequence of prefixes ITS 4 and ITS 5 ,which succeed in doubling the area ITS(internal transcribed spacer ) it size were between (870-510)pb and each type was determinedby serial code in the database of the national center for biotechnology information which are respectively OQ999337.1 for Trichophyton indotineae,OQ978648.1for the fungus Trichophyton interdigetal and OQ979238.1 for Trichophyton mentographytes, and OQ979239.1 for Trichophyton mentographytes, and OQ979292.1 Trichophyton mentographytes and OR119758.1 fo rthe Microsporum canies and OR083657.1 for the Trichophyton qunickeium and OR085961.1 for Candida albicans.
According to the type of pathogen , the isolated fungi were classified into two group , the skin fungi group and the group of yeast ,recorded the highest percentage of skin fungi reaching 76% , and the fungi were classified into the genera Trichophyton and Microsporum .among the diagnosed species were Trichophyton mentographytesthe highest percentage was 23.8%,followed by the type Microsporum canies by 19.4% the fungi Trichophyton qunickeium and Trichophyton indotineae 14.2% and the Trichophyton interdigital recorded ratio of4.7%. it was found that the fungus Trichophyton indotineae was isolated and diagnosed the first time in Kerbala Governorate .as for the group of yeast ,the type Candida albicans recorded a percentage of 23.8%
Fungal infection ,according to the location of the injury , were calassified into two forms, namely tinea and oral candidiasis.a mong the most frequent ringwarm was tinea capitis which was 36% followed by tinea feaciei by 29.7%,tinea corporis by 15.6%and the tinea manum 3.4%while the tinea unguium was 1.7%
Recording the effect of sex on fungal infection , the study showed the highest infection of skin fungi was recorded in male by 80% compared to females 20%.while oral cadidasis was relatively higher frequency in females 53%.an infection rate was recorded 46.6%.
It was also found in the current study that the frequency of fungi infection was recorded in the age group less than ten years 53% followed by the age group 29-11 by 34%
To study the effect of the aqueous extract of peel of Punica granatum ,and leaves of Aloe vera and Ricinus commuis and flower of Matricaria chamomille ,on the isolated fungi , a hot water extract was prepared and several chemical examination were conducted in it . it was found that all extract contain stellans ,carbohydrates ,glycoxides ,phenols and comarins .while resins were found in the leaf extract of Aleo vera Castor and Chamomile flowers, while no presence of steroids and proteins was recorded in all prepared extract.
The study proved that the aqueous extract of the Pomegranate plant and Aloe vera was highly effective against pathogenic fungi , the concentration recorded 25%with the highest rate inhibition diameter comparedto the rest of the concentration (5 ,10 , 15, 20 )% which give a rate of inhibition ,but the hot water extract to the Pomegranate plant at the concentration gave 25% high inhibitory effectiveness. The fungus Trichophyton indotineae recorded the highest inhibition rate which reached 50 mm and Trichophyton quninckaum 30mm , at the same concentration , while recorded very little inhibition recorded at concentration 5%.the Aleo vera plant also give high inhibition result and at the concentration 25%where the fungi recorded the highest inhibition rate reaching 63mm and the least the fungus Trichophyton quninckaum,which record 15 mm ,also gave few inhibition result with a concetration of 5%.
As for the plants of Chamomile and Castor they did not record any inhibition even at the concentration of 25%.