المقاومة المتكاملة للفطرين A.niger و A.parasiticus المنتجة للسموم الفطرية والملوثة لثمار التفاح والكمثرى

Integrated Control of Fungi A.niger and A.parasiticus producing mycotoxins and contaminated apples and pears

This study included isolate and diagnose fungi associated with apples, pears, imported and domestic, as well as the possibility of finding an integrated control program to protect them from fungal infection and mycotoxin contamination.
The results isolate and diagnose fungi traditional methods associated with the samples apples, pears, imported and local to the presence of a number of species of fungi which Aspergillus , Penicillium , Fusarium , Rhizopus and the fungus Aspergillus niger is most visible in the apples it reached a rate 81.9% in fruits imported and 51.1 % in local fruits while the fungus Aspergillus parasiticus most visible fruits of pear by the emergence of 60.1% in imported fruits and 51.4% in local pear fruits has been conducting a confirmatory diagnosis of this fungus using the technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) followed by Penicillium genus with no appearances in local pear.
Between the disclosure of the chemical using a technique slabs Thin Layer Chromatgraphy(TLC) that eleven isolates of the fungus A.niger among fourteen isolation (78%)seven isolates of the fungus A.parasiticus of a total of 12 isolates (58%) produced aflatoxin B1, as the results of chemical analysis showed that the sixteen isolation of the fungus A. niger of the total isolation of twenty (80%) were able to secrete toxin ochratoxin A .
Results also showed a solitary existence two isolates of bacteria Bacillus polymyxa highly effective against fungi A. niger and A.parasiticus .
The results of this study show that integrated control program and the author of the bacteria B. polymyxa + bicarbonate sodium + heat treatment more efficient in the fight against the apples and pears from rot disease caused by a fungus, A. niger and as decreased incidence in the apples for fruits treatment control (Fruits fertilized artificially vaccine fungus) from 61.6% to 8.33%, respectively, and the severity of infection from 4.5% to 0.3% while the effectiveness of this program is much less than in the protection of the fruits (apples) from the fungus infection A.parasiticus the results showed that the occurrence of Damages in fruits (injury) led to a reduction in the effectiveness of the integrated control program to rot disease caused by a fungus, A.niger in fruits, as the percentage of infection of the fruits of treatment in this program, 58%, and a difference of moral for treatment control (fruits injury and contaminated vaccine fungus), amounting to 91.66%, and the this program gave good efficacy in the control of the shortfall resulting from the injury pears pathogens A.niger ,A.parasiticus but less effectively than it is in the apples .
Most of the standards of blood physiological and Biochemical for animals treated first vaccine bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and followed by treating them with the juice of the affected parts and the sound of fruits infected mushroom A.niger were within the ranges of natural. While negatively affected by these calibrated in animals treated with the juice of the affected parts and the sound of fruits inoculated with fungus A .niger only .
The results of the histological examination of the members of the intestine, kidney, and liver safety of those members in animals treated with bacteria L.acidophilus first and followed by the juice of infected and healthy parts of fruits inoculated with fungus A.niger while variations appeared satisfactory in many members of the comparative treatment of animals (animals treated parts infected and healthy fruits fertilized fungus A.niger only) represented the decomposition of the villi in the intestines and the occurrence of inflammatory cells gathered and severe vascular congestion in the liver as well as the presence of the wall of the glomerulus and inflation segmentation kidney