بعض أوجه التكامل في مكافحة مرض تعفن وموت بادرات الفلفل المتسبب عن الفطر Fusarium solani وإمكانية مكافحته كيميائيا وإحيائيا

Some aspects of integration in controlling rot and death disease of pepper seedlings caused by Fusarium solani and the possibility of chemical

This study was conducted in the College of Agriculture – University of Kerbala with the aim of controlling root rot disease and death of pepper seedlings (Capsicum annum) and testing the response of a number of pepper varieties against the pathogen and testing the efficiency of some biological agents chemical pesticides and biological agents in controlling the disease in the laboratory and under the conditions of the plastic house. The results showed that 10 isolates of Rhizoctonia sp. four isolates of Fusarium oxysporum and eight isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina were obtained. And 14 isolates of Fusarium solani one isolate of Acrophialophora jodhpurensis and one isolate of Penicillium digitatum which were diagnosed phenotypically. The results of the laboratory pathogenicity showed that the isolates Rh5, Fo3, Fo4, Mp3, Mp5, Fs2, Fs3, Fs6, Fs8, Fs13, Fs14 and Ac1 were significantly superior (P > 0.0) in reducing the percentage of germination of pepper seeds on water agar, as the percentage rate of germination was 0.0% and the isolate Fs14 (F. solani) excelled in giving Uh The highest percentage of infection of pepper seedlings in plastic pots under plastic house conditions was 100 % .
The results of the molecular diagnosis of the most pathogenic isolate showed that this isolate belongs to the fungus F. solani. The results of the molecular diagnosis of the isolate of the biologically resistant bacteria showed that it is Bacillus velezensis. The results also demonstrated the existence of a discrepancy between the isolates diagnosed in this study with the isolates previously diagnosed and confirmed in the National Center for Biotechnology Information so these isolates were registered in the mentioned center under the accession number OQ102244 and OQ102242 for the fungus and bacteria isolates respectively.
The results of the sensitivity of a number of pepper cultivars (Carisma-Single-Rio-Cayman) to root rot disease and seedling death showed that the Carisma cultivar was the most sensitive cultivar with an infection rate of 99.66% compared to the proper comparison treatment in which it amounted to 0.0%. The results of the antibody factor test showed Trichoderma koningiopsis on the culture medium (Potato dextrose agar) achieved an inhibition rate for the fungus F.solani amounted to 99.66% while concentrations 101 and 102 of the biologically resistant B. velezensis gave the highest inhibition rate for the pathogenic fungus on the culture medium (P.D.A.) amounted to 100% in both . The chemical pesticide Beltanol outperformed the pesticides Metchazole and Tabsin by achieving 100% inhibition of the pathogenic fungus in the culture media (P.D.A.) for all concentrations used while this pesticide did not show a significant effect (P > 0.05) on T. koningiopsis and B. velezensis bacteria used as control agents. biome.
The treatment of integration between all biological and chemical factors (F.s14+Biohealth+B.velezensis +T. koningiopsis+ +Beltanol) used in the study was significantly superior to other treatments in reducing the percentage of infection and its severity in plastic pots and in the soil of the plastic house as it reached 0.0% and the treatment excelled The same in increasing the fresh and dry weight of the vegetative and root groups and the increase in the root size in the presence of the pathogen which were respectively 43.23 g, 26.80 g, 4.41 g, 2.81 g and 14.76 ml compared to the treatment of the pathogenic fungus alone, which amounted to 9.17 g 0.52 g, and 0.44 g. and 0.004 gm and 1.00 mL respectively. The treatment of integration between all the factors used in increasing the levels of total phenols and the enzyme peroxidase was 0.780 mg / g and 79.08 respectively compared to the treatment of the pathogenic fungus alone which amounted to 0.301 mg / g and 26.40.