تأثيرات الميكروبيوم البكتيري التنفسي على مستوى مصل IL-37 و IL-38 مع الارتباط مع شدة الصفير المتكرر

Respiratory Bacterial Microbiome Effects on Serum level of IL-37 and IL-38 with Correlation to the Severity of Recurrent Wheezer

Abstract

According to the most recent edition of the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines, asthma is “a heterogeneous disease, usually characterized by chronic airway inflammation. The term recurrent wheezer is commonly used now for children below 3-5 years of age. The relationship between normal flora and asthma is complex, and evidence suggests that certain commensal microorganisms may play a role in the development of asthma. Exposure to some environmental microbes during early childhood may play a crucial role in promoting normal immune system development and preventing asthma. The processes leading to the development of asthma are greatly influenced by the interaction between the host’s immune system and microbiota. A case control study was conducted for a period of 6 months, starting from August /2023 to January/2024; the total number of participants were 100 subjects; they were divided into two groups: the first one includes patients with pediatric asthma and \or recurrent wheezer while the second group includes healthy control. Laboratory tests were done by serological techniques (sandwich ELISA), and samples were tested for specific serum human IL-37, IL-38, and total IgE. Swabs were taken from all participants and performed for bacteriological examination profile (culturing morphologically, microscopically, and confirmative test by VITEK 2 compact system).
Significant differences appeared in mean serum levels of IL-37 and IL-38 within the studied groups, both markers were significantly increased in the patient group . in addition to all blood parameter (lymphocyte , eosinophil , neutrophil count ) have highly significant levels within patient groups. IL-37 and IL-38 were shown by ROC curve analysis to be able to distinguish and diagnose patients with recurrent wheezers from healthy controls. It might therefore be considered useful biomarkers for diagnosis.
Culturing investigation depending on morphological and VITEK compact system results showed that the patient group reveals bacterial growth as follow: Staphyloococcus. aureus12 (24.00) % , then Streptococcus. Pneumonia 11(22.00) % . Followed by, Haemophilus 6 (12.00) % and K. rosia 6 (12.00) %, Moraxella 5 (10.00) % , Staphylococcus. epidermidis 4(8.00) %, Streptococcus. pyogen 3(6.00) % and , lastly, Pseudomona 1(2.00) % and S. xylose 1(2.00) % . Whereas, control group recorded that Staphylococcus. saprophyticus was most isolated bacteria in this study with percentage of 12(25.50) % followed by Streptococcus pyogen 10(19.60) % then Staphylococcus epidermidis 10(19.60) % and Streptococcus mutans 7(13.70) % and Haemophilus 5(9.80) % and Staphylococcus aureus 3(5.90) % lastly Kocuria rosea 2(3.90) % and Corynebacterium 1(2.00) %.
For conclusion, There is a marked elevation of levels of both IL37 & IL38 in recurrent wheezers which may serve as inflammatory markers or a precursor to the disease process and could be considered good diagnostic biomarkers for recurrent wheezers. The combination of Staph. aureus and Strep. pneumoniae was higher in asthmatic patients, while coagulase-negative staphylococci were considerably higher in healthy controls. Microbial dysbiosis could promote an unbalanced immune response and contribute to the development of allergy disorders, particularly asthma.