تأثيرالتوليفة السمادية من النيتروجين والبوتاسيوم والرش بالمغذي العضوي هيومات البوتاسيوم في نمو وحاصل ونوعية الذرة الصفراء

RP-Effect of the fertilizer combination of nitrogen and potassium and spraying with the organic nutrient potassium humate on the growth, yield and quality of maize.pdf

The present maize experiment was carried out in fall crop season 2022 at the District Al-Hussainiya, Kerbala, Iraq. The experiment comprising two factors, and the first factor was the combinations of different levels of nitrogen (0, 150 and 300 kg N ha-1) were identified with symbols i.e., N0, N1, and N2, respectively, three levels of potassium (0, 80 and 160 kg K ha-1) were symbolized as K0, K1, and K2, respectively. The second factor was foliar application of organic nutrient (potassium humate) with two concentrations (1 and 2g L-1) were symbolized as (F1 and F2), respectively. The organic nutrient application occupied the main plots, while the inorganic fertilizer combinations were placed in the subplots. The experiment on maize cultivar ‘Sumer’ in clay loam soil in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with factorial arrangment and three replications, the results showed the following:
• Adding fertilizer combinations of nitrogen and potassium led to a significant increase in all averages of growth, yield, and quality characteristics. The fertilizer combinations (N1K1, N1K2, N2K1 and N2K2), among which there was no significant difference in all of the aforementioned traits, outperformed the rest of the fertilizer combinations with the exception of the weight of 500 grains. The fertilizer combination (N1K1) gave the best results in average plant height (173.35 cm), leaf area (4393.33 cm2 plant-1), stem diameter (22.84 mm), chlorophyll index in leaves (46.74 SPAD units), and stem length (19.65 cm), the number of rows in the ear (16.41 rows of ear-1), the number of grains in the row (33.91 grains of row-1), the weight of the ear (222.70 g), the grain yield (9.59 tons ha-1), the biological yield (16.99 tons ha-1), harvest index (56.16%), oil concentration in grains (4.46%), protein concentration in grains (11.43%), and fertilization efficiency for production (72.90%).
• Spraying the organic fertilizer potassium humate at a concentration (2g L-1) was significantly superior to the concentration (1g L-1) in all growth, yield and quality traits of maize except for the harvest index traits and oil concentration (%). The average plant height reached (168.15cm), number of leaves (14.69 leaf plant-1), leaf area (4266.67 cm2 plant-1), stem diameter (22.02 mm), chlorophyll index in leaves (45.48 SPAD units), the length of the ear (18.90 cm), and number of rows in ear (15.66 rows of ear-1), the number of grains in the row (33.12 grains of row-1), the weight of the ears (200.76 g), the weight of 500 grain (141.99 g), the grain yield (8.52 tons ha-1), the biological yield (16.05 tons ha-1), protein concentration in grains (10.57%), and fertilization efficiency for production (49.30%).
• The interaction between the two study factors for the treatments (F2N1K1), (F2N1K2), (F2N2K1) and (F2N2K2) achieved the best values for the growth traits, yield, and qualitative traits of maize, and there was no significant difference between these treatments.
• The fertilizer treatment (F2N1K1) gave the best results in plant height (181.63 cm), number of leaves (15.62 leaf plant-1), leaf area (4466 cm2 plants-1), stem diameter (23.10 mm), chlorophyll index in leaves (48.43). SPAD unit), the length of the ear (20.75 cm), number of rows per ear (16.92 rows of ear-1), number of grains per row (35.47 grains row-1), the weight of the ear (250.26 g), grain yield (10.66 ton ha-1), the biological yield (17.95 tons ha-1), harvest index (59.30%), oil concentration in grains (5.07%), protein concentration in grains (12.06%), and fertilization efficiency for production (86.70%).