تأثيرَ الرش الورقيّ بالبوتاسيّوم النانويّ في بعض الصفات المظهريّة والفسلجيّة والتشريحية لنبات الباقلاء (Vicia faba L.) المعرّض للإجهاد الملحيّ

Effect of foliar spraying with nano potassium on some morphological, physiological and Anatomical characteristics of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) exposed to salt stress

A factorial experiment was conducted according to a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates in plastic pots inside a nursery in the holy city of Karbala during the agricultural season (2023-2024). The experiment started on 15/10/2023 and ended on 15/4/2024 to know the response of faba bean (Vicia FabaL.) irrigated with different levels of saline water. The first factor was irrigation with four levels of saline water (2, 4, 6, 8) ds m-1 prepared from well water at the University of Karbala. The second factor was foliar spraying with four different concentrations of nano potassium (0, 50, 100, 150) mg L-1. Thus, the experiment included (64) experimental units. The experiment included studying some morphological, physiological, and anatomical characteristics and some nutritional elements in plant leaves, in addition to the effectiveness of some plant enzymes. The results were statistically analyzed and the averages were compared The studied traits were calculated using the least significant difference values at the probability level (0.05). The results of the study showed:
1- The factor of irrigation with saline water significantly affected by the decrease in some morphological and physiological traits and plant yield, including: plant height, , diameter of stem, number of leaves, leaf area ,number of branches, number of flowers, number of seeds,fresh seed weight and pods weight, chlorophyll content, relative water content, absolute and relative growth, and concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron and zinc On the other hand, the concentration of proline, abscisic acid, sodium, magnesium and calcium increased when irrigated with saline water.
2- Foliar spraying with nano potassium significantly affected the increase in plant height, , diameter of stem, number of leaves, leaf area ,number of branches, number of flowers, number of seeds,fresh seed weight and pods weight, chlorophyll content, relative growth, concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron and zinc, On the other hand, the concentration of proline, abscisic acid, sodium and calcium decreased..
3- The interaction between the two experimental factors (salinity of irrigation water and concentration of foliar spray solution with nano potassium affected Rare) significantly affected some morphological, physiological, biochemical, and anatomical traits and the activity of some enzymes.
4- The study showed that foliar spraying with nano potassium at a concentration of (100 mg L-1) on faba bean plants irrigated with saline water (2 ds m-1) is the best treatment in increasing some of the studied traits such as plant height, , diameter of stem, number of leaves, leaf area ,number of branches, number of flowers, number of seeds,fresh seed weight and pods weight, chlorophyll content, relative water content, relative and absolute growth, and concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, and zinc .
5- Irrigation with saline water and spraying with nano potassium affected some of the studied anatomical traits of the upper and lower epidermis of fava bean leaves, and the shape and nature of cell walls, stomata, and glands.