تأثير التسميد الفوسفاتي والرش بالمغنيسيوم في صفات النمو والحاصل والمادة الفعالة والتعبير الجيني لنبات الداتورة Datura Stramonium L.

Field Crops Department Effect of Phosphate Fertilizers and Spraying with Magnesium on Growth Characteristics, Yield, Active Substance, and Gene

A field experiment was carried out during the 2021 agricultural season in one of the experimental fields Ibn Al-Bitar Vocational High School located in Kerbala Governorate, in order to study the effects of phosphate fertilizers and spraying with Nano-magnesium on a number of genes responsible for controlling the synthesis of the active substance (Alkaloids), growth and yield traits of Datura plant. The experiment was carried out with three replications according to randomized complete block design with two factors. The first factor included four levels of phosphate fertilizers: 0, 25, 50 and 75 kg P ha-1, while the second factor included the spraying of Nano-magnesium with four concentrations: 0 (water distilled only), 60, 120 and 180 mg Mg L-1. The results showed the following:
1- Phosphate fertilizer at the level 75 kg.P ha-1 caused a significant increase in plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area, chlorophyll a and b concentrate and leaf yield of Datura plant, superior to the control treatment (no addition) which gave the lowest averages.
2- Phosphate fertilizer at the level 50 and 75 kg P ha-1 caused a significant increase in the number of fruits, the number of seeds, and the total seed yield of Datura plants, outperformed the control treatment (no phosphate addition), which produced the lowest averages.
3- Phosphate fertilizer caused a significant decrease in the concentration of Atropine, Hyosamine and Scopolamine in seeds and leaves of Datura plant. The treatment of 75 kg p.ha-1 caused the maximum decrease, as it gave averages for leaves and for seeds
4- Treatment 25 and 50 kg P ha-1 gave the highest yield of alkaloids from Datura leaves, and treatment 25 kg P ha-1 gave the highest yield of alkaloids from seeds .
5- The spraying of Nano-magnesium had no significant effect on the height and number of Datura branches, while the concentration of 180 mg L-1 gave the highest average number of leaves, leaf area, chlorophyll a and b concentration, and leaf yield, superior to the control treatment (no spray) that gave the lowest averages.
6- The spraying of Nano-magnesium at a concentration of 180 mg Mg L-1 caused a significant increase in the number of seeds, the weight of 1000 seeds and the total seed yield of Datura , superior to the control treatment (no spraying), which gave the lowest averages.
7- The spraying of Nano-magnesium caused a significant decrease in the concentration of Atropine, Hyosamine, and Scopolamine in seeds and leaves. As the treatment caused 180 mg Mg L-1, the maximum decrease, and for seeds
8- The concentrations of 0 and 120 mg Mg L-1 gave the highest yield of alkaloids from the leaves, and the concentration of 120 mg Mg L-1 gave the highest yield of alkaloids from the seeds
9- Phosphate fertilizer caused a significant decrease in the expression of PMT, TR1, and H6H genes, while the effect of spraying Nano-magnesium was limited to reducing the expression of the H6H gene. The response of H6H gene expression either to phosphorous or Nano magnesium in the roots or leaves of Datura was only during the flowering stage, while no changes were observed at the stage of 7-8 leaves.
10- Phosphate fertilizer at a level 50 kg P ha-1 interaction with spraying Nano-magnesium at a concentration of 120 mg Mg L-1 achieved the highest yield of alkaloids, while the two treatments 50 and 75 kg P ha-1 interaction with spraying Nano-magnesium at a concentration of 180 gave The highest yield of total Datura seeds .

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