تأثير الخليط النانوي المحمل بالألبيندازول على بعض المؤشرات المناعية للحيوانات المصابة بالاكياس العدرية : دراسة داخل الجسم الحي

The effectiveness of nano-composite loaded Albendazole in some immunological markers in cystic echinococcosis : in vivo . study

Abstract

The current study was conducted for the period from February 2020 to March 2021 to evaluate the effect of the (silver-copper) mixture nanoparticles prepared by Core-Shell method and the hybrid mixture prepared by loading Albendazole on the mixture nanoparticles and comparing their effect with albendazole 400 mg/kg alone on viability of protoscolices in vitro on the one hand and on the other hand , studying the histopathological effect of the livers of male mice 6-8 weeks in age experimentally infected with hydatid cyst disease caused by the parasite Echinococcus granulosus , and measuring the therapeutic efficacy , the number of cysts and their diameter , as well as an immunological study to measure the cytokines of IL-18 , IL-4 , CXCL9 chemokine and CD8 immunohistochemistry by immunohistochemical staining method . The study included several axes, the first axis was the diagnosis of the prepared mixtures, as the diagnostic methods demonstrated the success of the preparation process by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) , X-ray diffraction device (XRD) , scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The second axis included studying the effect of the two mixtures on the vitality of the protoscolices in the laboratory, as they had an effective effect. The concentrations of 50, 125, 250 and 500 mg/ml of the two mixtures were used for periods of 10, 30 and 60 minutes. The effect was directly proportional to the concentration and exposure time, as it reached zero with a concentration of 50 mg/ml after only 10 minutes of exposure to the hybrid mixture, compared to albendazole with which the vitality rate reached 10 after 60 minutes and at a concentration of 500 mg/ml. The third axis studied the effect of the two mixtures on some blood parameters, the complete blood picture (CBC) of normal, uninfected mice that were dosed for two days with the drug dose of albendazole 400 mg/kg and the same of the two mixtures prepared in the same dose and double doses of 800 and 1200 mg/kg at a single dose per day. The effect is between rise and fall and is equal to control and according to concentration. As for the oxidants and antioxidants were four axis , they included reactive oxygen species ROS, malonaldehyde MDA , catalase and glutathione. The results showed that the rates of oxidants did not change compared to the control except for the concentration of 800 mg/kg of the nano mixture, as well as the case with the antioxidants except for the concentration of 400 mg/kg. From the hybrid mixture, the level of glutathione increased with it. The study included a fifth axis to measure the therapeutic efficacy of the two mixtures , the average number of cysts , the average cyst diameter and the rate of enlargement of the organ under study, which is the liver. The two mixtures were better than albendazole for the four measured parameters and for all concentrations . The study showed the histopathological effects caused by hydatid cysts in the liver tissue as a sixth axis, as albendazole did not change the symptoms that appeared in the positive control within the treatment period followed in the study. As for the concentrations 800 and 1200 mg/kg, they showed some histological differences towards recovery, such as the absence of tissue necrosis. The hybrid mixture also affected the infected tissue, so tissue necrosis did not appear, and the number of infiltrating cells decreased. The seventh axis showed the ratios of cellular cytokines IL-4 and IL-18, as their ratio increased when infection with hydatid cysts compared with the negative control, and the cytokines took up and down according to the concentrations used from the two mixtures. The concentration of chemokine CXCL9 increased when infected with hydatid cysts, and decreased when treated with albendazole and at a concentration of 400 mg/kg of the mixture nanoparticles . As for the hybrid mixture , the percentages increased with high significant differences compared to the negative control and for the three concentrations. As for the immune marker CD8, its percentage increased with the positive control compared with the negative and did not decrease when treated with albendazole, while it decreased with mixture nanoparticles, especially with a concentration of 800 mg/kg, and it also decreased when treated with the hybrid mixture , and the decrease was inversely with the concentration, reaching its lowest levels with The concentration is 1200 mg/kg. Conclude from the above that the two mixtures of nanoparticles and the hybrid were better than if the albendazole was alone and for all the parameters under study