تأثير الرش الورقي بأنابيب الكاربون النانوية في بعض الصفات المظهرية والفسلجية والكيموحيوية والتشريحية لنبات الأُقحوان (Calendula officinalis L . ) المُعرَّض للإجهاد الملحي

Effect of foliar spraying with carbon nanotubes on some phenotypic, physiological, biochemical and anatomical characteristics of daisy

A factorial experiment was carried out according to a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications in aplastic inside a nursery in the holy city of Karbala during the agricultural season (02022-2023) to investigate the response of (Calendula officinalis L.)to foliar application 0f multi wall carbon nano tube under saline condititions . The first factor was irrigation with four levels of saline water (8,6, 4,and 2) dSiemens. M1-
was prepared from the water of a well in Karbala University. As for the second factor, it was represented by foliar spraying with four different concentrations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (0, 50, 100 ,and150) mg L1- . thus the experiment included (64 experimental units). plant seeds as well as the effectiveness of some plant enzymes and active substances in(Calendula officinalis L.) flowers were determined. The results were analyzed statistically and the mean of the studied traits were compared using the values of the least significant difference at the level of probability (0.05) .
The results of the study showed the following:
1- The irrigation factor with saline water significantly deerease some phenotypic, physiological and yield characteristics of the plant, including plant height, number of flowers, stem and flower diameter, number of branches, relative water content, chlorophyll, nitrogen, potassium and its ratio to sodium, as well as the peroxidase (POD) enzyme, seed weight and number.
2-The effect of foliar spraying with multi-walled carbon nanotubes significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, number of flowers, leaves and branches, chlorophyll content, relative growth rate, nitrogen, potassium and its ratio to sodium, as well as the average seed weight.
3-The interaction between the two experimental factors (irrigation water salinity and the concentration of the foliar spray solution with multi-walled carbon nanotubes) had a significant effect on some morphological, physiological , anatomical characteristics and the activity of some enzymes.
4- The study showed that the foliar spraying of a multi-walled carbon nanotubes solution at a concentration of (100 mg L1- ) on (Calendula officinalis L.) plants irrigated with saline water (6 dSiemens. M1-) is the best treatment in increasing some of the studied characteristics such as plant height, number of branches, leaves, flowers and diameter. Stem, flowers, chlorophyll content, potassium concentration in seeds, relative water content, relative and absolute growth rate, nitrogen-potassium ratio, potassium-to-sodium ratio, and seed weight.
5 – Irrigation with saline water and spraying with multi-walled nanotubes effected some of the studied anatomical characteristics of the upper and lower epidermis of leaflets and floral parts (petals) and the shape, number and nature of cell walls.
6-The study showed the presence of some active substances in flower petals, such as esters, oils, ethers, aldehydes, dioxides, ketones, and others.