تأثير العناصر السامة والمؤشرات الحيوية في أمصال المرضى الذين يعانون من الخرف ودراسة تأثير الإزالة المغناطيسية للسموم

Evaluation of Toxic Elements and Biomarkers in Sera of Patients with Dementia and Study the Magnetic Detoxification Effect

Dementia is the severe loss of cognitive functioning that interferes with a person’s daily life and activities. Approximately 47 million people have dementia, and this number is expected to increase to 131 million by 2050. The most common causes of dementia are Alzheimer’s disease, cerebrovascular disease, and Lewy body disease. Environmental factors can have a significant impact on neurodegenerative dementia onset and progression. Chronic exposure to various heavy metals is currently one of the most serious environmental risk factors, as the rapid speed of human activity releases an excess amount of metals into the environment. Once people are exposed to these metals, they are adepted at entering cells, reaching the brain, and causing neurotoxicity. The objective of this study is Evaluation whether the levels of heavy metals, trace elements, biomarkers and biochemical in sera of the patients with dementia have an association with those of healthy controls. And also Study the effectiveness of pectin-coated magnetite iron oxide for their removing heavy metal ions from the blood and patient serum pool.
This case-control study was done at Al-Hussain Medical City and Al-Kafeel super specialty hospital in Karbala for 9 months, from December 2021 to September 2022. There was a total of 130 participants with average age 60-85 years, who were dividwd into two groups: 70 patients with dementia, whose diagnosis was confirmed by a consultant psychiatrist and neurologist, and 60 healthy people who served as healthy controls. Examination of serum levels of several metals (including lead, cadmium, aluminum, iron, zinc, and copper) was detected using atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique, and serum levels of various biochemical tests (lipid profile, sugar, and liver function) were detected using a clinical chemistry analyzer, while Amyloid beta 42 and Total tubulin associated unit levels in serum were detected using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique. On the other hand, chemical co-precipitation method was used to make a pectin-iron oxide nanocomposite that was used as an eco-friendly adsorbent to remove Cd2+ and Pb2+ because they are well-documented neurotoxicants acting through multiple pathways to contribute to neurodegenerative pathology
The results of the study showed an increasing in the levels of serum glucose, lead, cadmium, aluminum, and copper with highly significant differences (P= 0.01) and a decrease in the level of zinc with significant differences (P≤ 0.05) in patients compared to the control group. While there are no significant differences (P> 0.05) in levels of iron, lipid profile, and liver function tests in patients as compared with the control group. The performance of pectin-iron oxide nanocomposites for the removal of heavy metals from patients serum pool was tested in batch mode (pH: 7.35, the dose of adsorbent: 10 mg/mL, and contact time: 30 min) and the result showed the maximum adsorption capacity of Cd2+and Pb2+was 81.3% and 86.3%, respectively.
These findings imply that dysregulation of essential metals like zinc and copper, as well as the presence of high amounts of heavy metals like aluminum, lead, and cadmium in the blood, may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative disorders, including dementia.