تأثير النظام الغذائي عالي الكوليسترول على مستوى الغلوتاميت والعامل العصبي المشتق من الدماغ والمؤشرات الحيوية الأخرى في الجهاز العصبي المركزي عند ذكور الجرذان

Effect of Hypercholesteremic Diet on Level Glutamate, BDNF And Other Biomarkers in The Central Nervous System of Male Rats

Summary
The aim of this study is to investigate the physiological changes of the central nerve system which happen from receiving hypercholesteremic diet. Take 20 male rats were randomly divided into two groups(10/group): the control group, which received normal diet and the hypercholesteremic diet (HCD) group, which received a 1% supplement of cholesterol in their food for 4 weeks. After the experiment completed, samples of blood serum collected for the measuring lipid profile, Malnodialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione (GSH), BDNF level and synapsin-1. Rats were sacrificed by chloroform anesthesia, and dissected for brain section for the measuring Malnodialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide, glutamate level, gene expression of activity regulated cytoskeleton (ARC), and histopathological examination.
The present study showed a significant increase in the Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), Low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the HCD group compared to the control group. In contrast, a significant decrease in the (HDL-C) in the HCD group wh compared to the control group.
The results indicated that hypercholesteremia had a positive impact on glutamate levels and negative on BDNF level, due to oxidative stress, while synapsin-1 levels in brain tissue remained unchanged. There were also notable decreases in serum and homogenized brain tissue concentrations of NO and GSH, along with increases in MDA, also showed down-regulation in the activity regulated cytoskeleton (ARC) gene expression in the HCD group compared to the control group.
Furthermore the histopathological examination of the tissues section shows the pattern of disruption of nerve tissue cells with varying degrees deposition neurofibrillary tangles on nerve cells is manifested by intracellular and extracellular deposition of beta-amyloid plaques of the central nervous system, which permeate of cerebral layers and lesser than in cerebellum and spinal cord parts .As it turns out, neuronal atrophy nuclei with neuroglial proliferation and inflammatory infiltrations cells of neural tissues in the HCD group are compared with control group.
It can be concluded that hypercholesteremic diet has promote elevated levels of oxidative stress the have been shown to be closely associated with oxidative stress and the biochemical structural integrity of neurons and glial cells in the cerebral cortex in a significant way. Additionally, there was a noticeable decrease in glutamate levels in brain tissue and down-regulation of the Activity Cytoskeleton Association protein gene (ARC gene) expression.