تأثير تحفيز البذور بحامض الجبرليك والكالسيوم المعدني والنانوي في الإنبات والبزوغ وصفات البادرة في الذرة البيضاء

Seed stimulation effect by gibberellic acid mineral and nano calcium on germination emergence and seedling cheracteristics in Sorghum

A factorial experiments was carried out under laboratory and field condition . a laboratory experiment conducted at the seed technology lab, Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture, the University of Karbala during the fall season, 2019 while the second was conducted in the field affiliating to Ibn al-Bitar preparatory school in al-Husayniyah district, the governorate of Karbala during the fall 2019 season. The Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used for the laboratory factorial experiment, while for the field factorial experiment, Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used. The experiments comprised three replicates and two factors. The first factor involved the treatments of stimulating seeds (distilled water, gibberellic acid GA3 at three concentrations: 60, 90, and 120 mg.l-1, calcium chloride (CaCl2) at the two concentrations: 10 and 20 mg.l-1, nano calcium (Ca) at the concentrations: 30 and 40mg.l-1 as well as the control treatment of dry seeds). The second factor involved the seed soaking periods (soaking for 6, 12, and 24 hours).
The laboratory experiment results showed:
– Significant superiority of stimulating the seeds with 120 mg.l-1 of gibberellic acid giving the highest averages of the laborator germination speed ,standard laboratory percentage , radicle length , plumule length , seedling chlorophyll content , seedling dry weight , at the first counting, seedling vigor . counting, and carbohydrate amount , whereas the control treatment gave the lowest averages of the formerly mentioned traits.
The treatment of gibberellic acid at the concentration of 90mg.l-1 was significantly superior in giving the highest potassium concentration in the seedling compared to the control treatment, dry seeds, that gave the lowest percentage average .The calcium (Ca) treatment of 40mg.l-1 gave the highest concentration average of calcium element percentage in the seedling compared to the control treatment giving the lowest percentage .
– The treatment of soaking seeds for 12 hours was superior giving the highest averages of the germination speed standard laboratory germination percentage , radical length , plumule length , seedling dry weight , seedling vigor at the first counting , seedling vigor at the final counting , carbohydrate amount , potassium concentration , and calcium concentration while, the treatment of soaking the seeds for 6 hours gave the lowest averages of the previously mentioned traits and the treatment of soaking the seeds for 24 hours gave the lowest averages of potassium and sodium concentrations in the seedlings .
– The results of the interaction showed none significant effect
The field experiment results showed:
– Significant superiority of stimulating the sorghum seeds with gibberellic acid at the concentration of 120mg.l-1 that gave the highest averages of the field emergence speed , field emergence percentage , radical length , plumule length , seedling chlorophyll content , seedling dry weight ,seedling vigor at the first counting ,carbohydrate amount , potassium concentration in the seedling
while the control treatment gave the lowest averages of the traits mention formerly in addition to the highest average of sodium concentration in the seedling , The treatment of 20mg.l-1 of calcium chloride (CaCl2) gave the highest concentration of calcium in the seedlings .
– The period of soaking for 12 hours was superior in giving the highest averages of the field seedling emergence speed , field seedling emergence percentage , radical length , plumule length , chlorophyll content in the seedling , seedling dry weight , seedling vigor at the first counting , seedling vigor at the final counting, carbohydrate amount , potassium concentration , and calcium concentration , The period of soaking for 6 hours gave the lowest averages of the previously mentioned traits, however soaking periods were not different significantly regarding the sodium and calcium concentrations in the seedlings.
– The interaction effect was none significant for all studies traits.