تأثير طرق التغذية على تشبع الاوكسجين ومعدل النبض والجهد التنفسي عند حديثي الولادة المصابين بعيب خلقي في القلب

Effect of Feeding Methods on Oxygen Saturation, Pulse Rate and Respiratory Effort in Neonates with Congenital Heart Defects

Abstract

Background: Congenital Heart Defect (CHD) is the most common congenital anomaly, impacting 9 out of every 1000 live births. Up to 60% of children with CHD face growth failure and poor weight gain, challenge of maintaining physiological stability during feedings arises from the lack of coordination between sucking, swallowing, and breathing.
Objective: This study aims to explore variations in oxygen saturation, pulse rate, and respiratory effort across different feeding methods and their impact on neonates with CHD at various time intervals.
Method: Observational study was conducted at Karbala Teaching Hospital for Children from September 26th, 2023, to July 9th, 2024. Fifty neonates diagnosed with CHD in the Karbala Teaching Hospital for Children in Holy Karbala city , aged less than 28 days, were convenience selected.
Result: The data collected and physiological parameters measured at various time intervals during the feeding process of the neonate with CHD include the feeding process effect of oxygen saturation levels (p = 0.017), pulse rate levels (p = 0.565), respiratory rate (p = 0.027), chest retraction (p = 1.000), and nasal flaring (p = 0.001). statistically differs among those who are breastfeeding and bottle-feeding (p =.001) and tube-feeding (p =.045) in oxygen saturation, with significant differences between breastfeeding and bottle-feeding (p =.021) in pulse rate.
Conclusion: Oxygen saturation fluctuates significantly across feeding periods, while pulse rate remains stable. Transitioning from breastfeeding to bottle and tube feeding is associated with decreased oxygen saturation and increased pulse rate, Respiratory rate demonstrates significant variations across feeding periods, There are no significant differences in respiratory rates before-after feeding among breastfeeding, bottle-feeding, and tube-feeding.
Recommendation: The Ministry of Health may initiate wide-ranging knowledge and support program for newly mothers that are aimed at enhancing and supporting the breastfeeding of the neonate with congenital heart defect.