تأثير مستخلصات مخلفات نبات التبغ Nicotiana tabacum L. في بعض جوانب الاداء الحياتي لعثة التمور الإفستيا Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Effect leaves remnants of tobacco plant Nicotiona tabacum L. on some biological aspects of performance dates moth Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

A series of laboratory and field Experiments were conducted in the laboratory of Graduate Studies/College of Agriculture/University of Karbala and Laboratory of Graduate / College of Science for women / University of Babylon during the year 2014-2013 ,which Included breeding dates moth Ephestia cautella and illustration  effect of boiled and cold water and crude alkaloids extracts of  tobacco plant residues Nicotiona tabacum  with concentrations (0,1.25,2.5, 5.0,10.0)% and Neem pesticide (phytomax N) in criteria of life performance  and also study  the  attractant and Repellent effects, duration of storage and their impact on the percentage of dates weight loss, and the study food preference and estimate the proportion of infestation in stored dates (Infected and Non-infected).The results were as follows:

1-The extract of  crude alkaloid compounds and boiled water have had the The greatest impact in eggs mortality with increasing extract concentrations , was 90% at concentration 10%, While , the mortality  rate was 90% at concentration 0.4% of Neem pesticide compared with 17.70% at the control treatment.

2- The extract of crude alkaloid compounds have had The greatest impact in mortality of larval instars of the insect compared with other extracts ,the  highest mortality  rate was 90% for all larval instars at concentration 10% after 48 hours compared with  26.56  , 26.56 , 17.70 , 17.70 , 17.70 % for 1^st , 2^nd , 3^rd , 4^th , 5^th larval instars respectively in the control treatment . The mortality rate of pupal stage increased from 17.70% in  the control reatment to 90% in all extract concentrations , while , the mortality rate of  larval instars in Neem pesticide treatment was 90 , For the first four larval instars and 58.07 % for the fifth larval instars at concentration 0.4% after 48 hours in 1^st , 2^nd , 3^rd , 4^th , 5^th larval instars respectively, compared with 8.85 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 % in the control treatment.

3- The extract of  crude alkaloid compounds of  tobacco plant residues have had more effect in Accumulative mortality rate of  insect  immature stages compared with other extracts, The rate of Accumulative mortality was100% of concentrations 10,5,2.5% compared with 48% in the control treatment , while , the Accumulative mobrtality rate for Neem treatment was 100% at concentration (0.4 , 0.3)% compared with 26% in the control treatment , the longest of developmental period was 85 days in the boiled water extract at concentration 2.5% compared with 51 days in the control treatment , While the productivity of adults do not exist in the same extract concentration compared with 250 egg/female in control treatment , And also there is no rate eggs hatching in the same extract concentration compared with 78.66% in the control treatment, the developmental period of immature stages was 71.66 days in Neem pesticide treatment with the concentration 0.1% compared with 47.33 days in the control treatment ,the adult productivity was 180 egg/femal in the same concentration compared with 255egg/female in the control treatment ,the rate of eggs hatching of eggs was 14% in the same concentration compared with 78% in the control treatment.

4-The results refer that the extract of  crude alkaloid compounds of  tobacco plant residues have the highest rate of attractant and repellent by using “Chemotropometer” that it has a repellant effect to 1^st and final larval instars and attractant effect to adults, the rate of repellent was 20% for 1^st larval instars compared with 10% for both cold and boiled water extract, 50% for 5^th larval instars compared with23.33% for both cold and boiled water extract whereas the rate of attractive for adults was 33.33% compared with 13.33% and 6.66% for cold and boiled water extract respectively.

5-The results showed that the insect prefers dates and bran as a culture media for breeding, growth and reproduction more than lentils media whereas the rice media have no infection, the highest rate of weight loss in dates was 28.50% and the lower rate was 1.66% in rice media compared with the first day of storage.

6- The extract of crude alkaloid compounds of tobacco plant residues have had more effect in decreasing of infected rates of infected and non-infected dates by this insect compared with other extracts, the infected rate was 22.66% for non-infected dates after 13 weeks at the concentration 10% compared with 36.66% in the control treatment, whereas the infected rate for infected dates was 47.66% after 13 weeks at concentration 10% compared with 67.33% in the control treatment.

7- The results refer that the extract of crude alkaloid compounds of tobacco plant residues have the highest ratio in preserve the fruit weight when increasing duration of storage and infected by this insect compared with other extracts, the percentage of weight loss was 9.33% after 45 days at concentration 10% compared with the first day of storage.

8- The results indicate that the infected of dates by this insect  whice was transferred from field to store without any treatment occurred in February and reached 1.66% compared with 4.66% in June , while there was no infection by this insect in November ,  December and January.

9- The highest rate of insect infection was in Karbala dates stores reached to 9.958% compared with 3.208% in the Al-Aqsa store (Al- husseinieh district).

10- The results showed that the light traps were better than sticky traps , the average of insects in light trap were 4.39 insects/trap , whereas in sticky trap were 3.12 insect/trap. The highest number of caught insect were in Al-Aqsa store reached to 4.22 insect/trap compared with Karbala dates stores that reached to 3.29 insects/ trap.