تأثير مسحوق الفطر المجففAgaricus bisporus), (bacillus subtilis))ومزيجها على الاداء الانتاجي وبعض الصفات الفسيولوجية في الدجاج اللاحم

Effect of Dried Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) Powder, Bacillus subtilisand their combination of Performance and Some Physiological traits in Broiler Chickens

The immune response and broiler performance may be affected by physical health and
challenge levels, broiler production is a dynamically developing industry, with most
feeds based on probiotics and prebiotics that becoming nutritional supplements.
Therefore, this study aims to explore the effect of probiotics (Bacillus subtilis),
prebiotics mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and combination between them on
improving humeral and cellular immunity, in addition to the health and performance of
broilers, the expermental period is from from 4/1/2020 to 7/2/2020, and lasts for 5
weeks. A total of 160 chicks for one day, Ross 308, were randomly assigned in to four
equal groups and designed to be four replicates for each group. The control group (Con)
was fed a basic diet without any additives, second group the Mushroom group (Mush)
was fed the basic diet (1% dried mushroom powder). The Bacillus subtilisgroup (BS)
9^was fed a staple diet basal diet with 4×10
cfu/gm Bacillus subtilis as a probiotic, while
forth was fed on mixed of (Mush and BS) with 1% dried mushroom powder with basal
9^diet have 4×10
cfu/gm Bacillus. Blood samples were collected at 9, 18 and 35 days of
the study for immunological and hematological investigation, on the other hand 3 ml of
blood Samples collected from wing veins into EDTA tubes, , A minimum of 200
leukocytes per slide were sorted into categories: small or medium lymphocytes,
heterophils to determinated H/L ratio, as well as 2 birds from each group were killed by
cervical dislocation, following a thorough visual appraisal, the bursa and spleen were
immediately removed, dry and individually weighed (g) for each individual and the
ratio of bursa, spleen weight (%) was calculated, 0.5 cm in length from middle of the
duodenum, and ileum were excised and opened longitudinally at the ant mesenteric
attachment, then rinsed and stored in 70% ethanol at 4°C for histological examination,
Villi and crypts were carefully individualized under a dissecting microscope . The
results showed that the concentrations of the liver enzyme AST, ALT, and ALP for the
(Mush-BS), (Mush) and (BS) groups were significantly lower (P≤0.05) compared to
(CON). Otherwise, triglycerides TG, cholesterol andvery low density lipoprotein

(LDL-C, VLDL-C) concentrations of the given groups (Mush-BS), (Mush) and (BS)
were less significant. However, compared to (CON), the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
concentration of the (Mush-BS), (Mush) and (BS) groups increased significantly
(P≤0.05). The improvement of humeral immunity IgG titer against Newcastle disease
(ND) and infectious bronchitis (IB) were improved significantly (P≤0.05) in the (Mush-
BS), (Mushroom), and (BS) groups respectively compare with the (Control) in the ninth
and eighteenth age days.The growth performance of broilers were varies greatly among
(Mush-BS), (Mush) and (BS) in the feed intake, body weight, feed conversion ratio and
body weight gain have significant differences (P≤0.05) groups compared with (CON
).On the other hand, the morphological parameters for depth of the small intestine
crypts, and villus height show highly increase in the Mush-BS groups compare with
control groups. The results showed non-significant differences in the control group for
spleen and bursa index compare with (MSH) and (BS) groups and combination groups
(Mush+BS), in general, The results showed significant decrease in values of pH in
illium and duodenum in group teceived Mush+BS as compared with other experimental
groups. It is also found significant differences compared with the control group in the
H/L ratio between (MSH) and (BS) groups and combination groups (Mush+BS).In
conclusion, adding a mixture of probiotics(Bacillus subtilis) and prebiotics(mushroom)
to their staple diet can improve broiler performance, immune response, fat distribution
liver enzymes in broilers chickens and immune response by enhancing both cellular
and Humeral immunity.