تحديد التحويرات الوراثية في الفاكهة المستوردة ودراسة تاثير هذه التحويرات على فترات الخزن

Detection of genetically medication among imported fruits and studying effects on duration of storage

Most foods are produced at the present time using genetic engineering techniques or what is known as gene technology, which is a method used to transfer genes from one organism to another with the aim of giving desired traits or characteristics and that most of the gene transfer operations take place randomly among the genetic material, which raises concerns about the inability of DNA In controlling the metabolic processes in the long run.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology for GMO detection is the most reliable option due to its high sensitivity and specificity. It is used in most countries of the world.
91 samples were collected for each of the soybean beans and their secondary derivatives, as well as the rice grains, which were obtained during the current study period, which started from December 2019 to March 2020. DNA was isolated from dry plant isolates (soybeans and their secondary derivatives and rice grains) of the approved cultivars using prepared protocol steps. This kit provides a fast and easy way to obtain pure DNA from plant isolates.
When measuring the optical density OD of the DNA of all isolates, most of the purity values were found between (1.7 – 2.0).
During the current study, the polymerase chain reaction technique was used to investigate the common primers used in genetic modifications in plants, which are both the CaMV-35S promoter and the Nos terminator. Two molecular methods were used to investigate genetically modified crops, which are soybeans and soybean meal, as follows: The first method is detection using the Monoplex PCR chain, the second method is detection using the duplex PCR chain reaction.
The current results showed that three genotypes out of seventeen genotypes belonging to the soybean cake were genetically modified containing the Promoter and terminator of the same sample for the samples of the American imported soybean meal Healthy Fead No. 1, and the Brazilian imported soybean meal Healthy Fead No. 2. Healthy Feed No.3 Argentine soybean meal, using both Monoplex PCR and douplex PCR.

The promoter for the CaMV-35S promoter recorded the product of 195 base pairs in three genotypes of GM soybean feed, as well as the catalyst record of the terminator of the product of 118 base pairs in three genotypes of the GM soybean meal, The molecular weights of the replicated beam were estimated on the sites of the beams with known partial weights of the DNA-Marker.

The results of this study were compared with previous studies, as it was found that the multiplicative beam is confined between the two sizes 100-200 base pairs, and this was confirmed by the relationship between the molecular weight of the volumetric guide beams and the distance that those multiplying beams moved on the acarose gel. Whereas, no positive results were recorded for the specific primers of P35S-cf3 and terminator P35S-cf4 for all rice crop isolates using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
A sample of genetically modified US soybean meal was sent to South Korea in order to confirm the sequence of nitrogen bases for the promoter and terminator and to compare it with the sequences published on the NCBI website. The results of the current study indicated that there was 100% conformity with the nitrogen base sequences for the studies published on the NCBI website.

The chemical components of soybean crops were studied, where the comparison between the chemical components of genetically modified and non-genetically modified crops showed the existence of fundamental differences in the components if the percentage of proteins and fats in genetically modified plants increased than in non-genetically modified plants. Genetically modified and these changes may have economic benefits that harm them to the health of animals, and thus humans, are not clear and need in-depth studies.

The present study summarizes that the use of different molecular methods such as the polymerase chain reaction are valuable and useful tools for the detection of genetically modified crops. The main step for detecting the results of genetically modified crops is the use of the appropriate DNA extraction method and its suitability for subsequent analysis.