تشخيص التباين الوراثي لبعض التراكيب الوراثية للذرة الصفراء باستعمال مؤشرات جزيئية والمحتوى البروتيني

Diagnosing genetic variation of some Zea mays L genotypes using molecular markers and protein content.

abstract

The current study was conducted to estimate the genetic diversity of 10 genotypes of maize grown in Iraq using some DNA markers based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the aim of determining the genetic variation between 10 local and introduced genotypes of yellow maize (Sumer , Fajr 1, Al Maha, , Baghdad 3, Hybrid Two Rivers, DKC 6777 ZP.glorya, PLOWEER KWS Syngenta) using 13 primers targeting the start codon (SCOT) and the total protein content of the seeds. Samples were collected on 12/1/2022, and the genetic material was extracted from the young leaves at the College of Science at the University of Karbala and the Al-Amin Specialized Center for Biotechnology in the Holy Shrine of the Holy Shrine. The purity and concentration of the DNA was measured, then the polymerase chain reaction was conducted using 13 SCOT parameters. Also, extracting the total protein content from the seeds using the sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS_PAGE) technique and knowing the sequence of the nitrogenous bases of the structures under study.
The results of molecular detection using (start codon target) Scot indicators to study the variation between the studied genotypes showed the presence of unique monomorphic and polymorphic packages, and some of the primers used in the study gave a unique fingerprint for some of the genotypes of the yellow corn plant. A cluster analysis (genetic relationship tree) between the genotypes under study was also revealed. The highest value of polymorphism content was obtained with primers SCOT-60 and SCOT-63.
The results showed the highest percentage of genetic similarity between Al Maha and Al Fajr 1, which amounted to (0.842105), and the lowest percentage of genetic similarity between the two structures, between Al Maha and Syngenta, which was (0.428571), based on the Jaccard scale for ten genotypes and based on the SCOT scores in the phylogenetic tree. The genotypes were arranged. For maize with more geographically related origins in the same group. While the patterns of the total protein gave a number of main bands amounting to 12 bands whose weights varied between 17-245 KDa, and the total number of bands amounted to 108 bands, including 8 identical bands and 4 heterogeneous bands. If the percentage of variation (difference) between the structures is 26%, which indicates that the percentage of similarity (similarity) is 74%. The level of similarity is higher than the level of variation between the genotypes under study and is due to their geographical origin and genetic material, or to the fact that the plant is the result of interspecific hybridization. Where the highest percentage was found