تشخيص ديدان تعقد الجذور Meloidogyne spp.على الطماطة في بعض مناطق محافظة كربلاء وتقييم بعض عوامل المكافحة الإحيائية وغيرالإحيائية

Diagnosis of root-knot namatodes Meloidogyne spp. On tomato in some areas of Karbala province and evaluation of some biological and non-biological control factors

Abstract

This research was conducted on the percentage and intensity of checking and identifying the types of root knot worms that infect tomato plants in Karbala governorate. And phenotypic and molecular diagnosis of the most frequent type, and testing the sensitivity of ten tomato varieties to infection with root-knot worms with testing the effect of concentrations of the biocidal Verox, ZnO-NPs and velum prime on root-knot worms RKN in laboratory and field conditions. the letter 1, 72.72% on the other hand, no injuries were recorded in the Ibrahimiya area, Khan al-Rub’ farms, al-Hur sub-district and al-Abbas’s threshold and Al-Ataba farms. Based on the morphological identification that includes female perineal patterns, two type species of RKN (Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica) were identified in the specimens of the studied area. Which, M. incognita was the predominant species. Furthermore, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequence of M. incognita shared identities of 99.28% with two isolates from the US and Pakistan. In addition, tomato plant varieties (Maysaloun, Sura, and Samar) showed high resistance to Meloidogyne spp., whereas, varieties of (Narcan-8, Sunagri, and Rock star) showed high sensitivity to Meloidogyne spp.
In the second part of this study, the concentrations of Biopesticide Verox and Nano-zinc oxide ZnO-NPs, were evaluated for their effect on root-knot nematode in the laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, the concentrations 2000ppm of Verox and the concentrations 4000ppm of ZnO-NPs significantly reduced (p<0.05) the nematode egg hatching 94.6 and 87.3% respectively, as well as juvenile J2 mortality 94.3 and 88.3% over the untreated control. The application of 2000ppm, 4000ppm, and 400ppm of Verox , ZnO-NPs , and the Nematicide Velum prime respectively, on the tomato plant varieties (Maysaloun, Meyameya , and Samar) significantly reduced galls formation and nematode infestation level over the untreated control. However, The Maysaloun was the best among the other varieties with the lowest gall 0.14 formation and incidence rate of 0.09. In addition, the application of 2000ppm and 4000ppm of Verox and ZnO-NPs respectively, on (Maysaloun, Meyameya, and Samar) varieties, significantly improved the growth biomarkers of tomato plants in terms of fresh and dry weights of vegetative and root system as compared to untreated control plants in sterilized .