تعيين المحتوى الكيميائي لحصى الكلى لمرضى الكلى في محافظة كربلاء

Determination of the Chemical Content of kidney Stones for Patients in Karbala Governorate

Abstract

This study aims the determination of the chemical content of kidney stones for kidney patients in Karbala Governorate and the identification of the places most at risk of contracting the disease, as well as the races and ages most at risk of contracting the disease. Urolithiasis is the formation of stones in the kidney, bladder, and/or urethra is increasingly common, with a rate of approximately 12% worldwide, and it is associated with an enhanced risk of end-stage renal disease. The most common form of kidney stone is calcium oxalate (Ca Ox) on the renal papillary surface.
Stone formation involves a complex process that results from a number of physicochemical occurrences namely, supersaturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation, and stone retention within tubular cells. Additionally, cellular injury furthers the retention of particles on the renal papillary surface.
Generally, varied stone compositions are found in different regions, but the exact data are lacking because of paucity of large population, geography, lifestyle, and dietary habits. This study aims to determine the chemical composition of kidney stones.
The study was performed using various analytical methods such as, atomic absorption, and spectroscopy infrared radiation. Samples were collected for patients with kidney stones in hospitals of Karbala Governorate after surgery for eradication in the Department of Urology.
The age range were divided into three age groups (13-31) years, (32-49) years, and (52<) years. The kidney stone were more common in patients ages (52<) years. The number of males was 20 (57%) and the number of females was 15(43%). The distribution of stones in Karbala governorate was calcium stones (80%), oxalate stones (57%), pure uric acid stones (34%), a mixture of calcium phosphate stones with calcium oxalate monohydrate stones (26%), and a mixture of calcium oxalate monohydrate stones with struvite stones (11%), while Cysteine was at a percentage of (3%).
The results showed a high percentage of calcium and oxalate stones in the Karbala governorate, where they were more in females than males. This can be due to the nutritional factor or dairy products and not drinking enough water may play a major role in the stone’s formation