تقييم الدور العلاجي لطحلب السبايرولينا في كبح الاجهاد التأكسدي المستحث بكلوريد الكادميوم في الجرذان المختبرية

Evaluation of the therapeutic role of Spirulina algae in suppressing cadmium chloride-induced oxidative stress in laboratory rats

Current feasibility study to determine the preventive role of spirulina algae powder (spirulina platensis ) Against oxidative stress induced by exposure to cadmium chloride powder CDCL2 in laboratory albino rats type (Rattus norvegicus) The current study was conducted for the period from May (2023) Until April (2024) At the University of Karbala / College of Education for Pure Sciences / Department of Life Sciences / Graduate Studies Laboratory (24) adult male white rats were used in this experiment, their weights ranged between(190-230) Gram and her ages between (9-12) A week, divided regularly into four groups (6 animals per group) The first group (G1) was considered a negative control group where water was given, The feed was given freely, and the second group (G2) was a positive control group dosed with aqueous solution of chloride Cadmium at a dose of 1 gm/kg of body weight, the third group (G3) was dosed with Spirulina algae powder only at a dose of 177 mg/kg of body weight and the fourth group (G4) was considered a preventive group where it was dosed with Spirulina algae powder and after three hours, it was given a solution of cadmium chloride. After the end of the experimental period of (30 days), the animals were anesthetized with chloroform and blood was drawn directly from the heart and the serum was separated by a centrifuge at a speed of (3000) cycles for (15) minutes and some physiological parameters were measured which included:
Liver enzyme levels Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanintransaminase (ALT), Alkalinephosphatase(ALP), Blood levels of urea, creatinine, and electrolytes such as calcium and sodium Na and potassium K, along with some oxidation enzymes, Superoxidedismutase(SOD) and Catalase activity (CAT) and Glutathione activity(GSH) Fat parameters were also measured, namely: Total cholesterol (TC), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Low density lipoprotein (LDL), After drawing blood, the animals were dissected and the kidney was removed and preserved in a 10% formalin solution to study the tissue changes. The results of the current study proved that oral administration of cadmium chloride solution for (30), The results of the (G2) group showed a significant increase at the level (P > 0.01) in the concentration of liver enzymes (ALP, ALT, (AST) as well as urea, creatinine and blood electrolytes (K.Ca, Na) and in the same direction for the concentration of fats (LDL.HDL, TC). While a decrease was observed in the concentration of (GSH), (CAT) and (SOD) when compared to the negative control group (G1). The results of the current study showed There was no significant difference at the level (P > 0.05) in the concentration of liver enzymes, kidney parameters and fats when comparing the negative control group G1 and the group dosed with Spirulina algae powder (G3), in addition to a significant increase at the level (P > 0.05) in the concentration of oxidation enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH) in the above groups. As for the preventive role, the results of the current study showed that dosing the animals with Spirulina algae powder for a period of three hours before giving the animals the aqueous solution of cadmium chloride contributed to changing the aforementioned results by reducing the toxic effect of the cadmium chloride solution, as a significant decrease was observed at the level (P > 0.05) in the concentration of enzymes, fats, and kidney parameters when comparing the positive control group (G2) and the preventive group (G4), as the antioxidant enzymes (GSH, SOD, CAT) increased in the above groups, noting that all of these parameters in the preventive group (G4) did not return to the normal level in the group (G1). Negative control. results of the current study showed that the kidney tissue consists of an external area called the cortex, and to the inside there is an internal area called the medulla, which is surrounded from the outside by a capsule composed of connective tissue called the renal capsule. The cortex area contains renal corpuscles, proximal convoluted tubules, and distal convoluted tubules, in addition to extensions of the medullary or cortical rays. As for the medulla, it contains cone-shaped structures called medullary pyramids, whose base is adjacent to the cortex and whose tops protrude into the renal pelvis (the dilated beginning of the ureter) We conclude from the current study that the dose of Spirulina algae powder at a concentration of 177 g/kg of body weight contributed to reducing the level of oxidative stress that the body was exposed to from giving cadmium chloride solution, and thus the algae powder can be relied upon to raise the oxidative stress that the living organism was exposed to