تقييم تأثيرات المستخلص الجينسنغ النانوي كمضاد للأكسده في ذكور الجرذان المعرضة لثاني كرومات البوتاسيوم

Evaluation of Anti-oxidant Effects of Ginseng Extract Nanoparticles in Male Rats Exposed to Potassium Dichromate

Summary
Potassium dichromate is a chemical compound containing chromate and potassium, it is a toxic substance used in various industries as a harmful chemical compound. Exposure to potassium dichromate can be hazardous to the environment and human health, Potassium dichromate has been shown to have detrimental effects on the reproductive system, exposure to this compound can lead to testicular damage and decreased sperm production in males. Nanotechnology refers to the use of materials and structures at the nanometer scale (one billionth of a meter). This technology allows the study and control of matter at the atomic and molecular level, opening up huge possibilities in a wide range of fields. In the medical field, nanotechnology can be used to develop and deliver drugs precisely to targeted areas in the body, increasing treatment effectiveness and reducing side effects. It can also be used to develop precise and efficient medical devices. This study explored the detrimental effects of potassium dichromate on the male reproductive system of rats and the potential protective role of ginseng in mitigating these effects. Forty-two adult male albino rats were divided into seven groups: Negative control group: Received normal saline daily for 4 weeks. Potassium dichromate group: Received 2 mg/kg body weight of potassium dichromate daily by intraperitoneal injection for 2 weeks. Positive ginseng group: Received ginseng orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 4 weeks. Nano- ginseng group: Received nano-ginseng orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 4 weeks. Potassium dichromate + ginseng group: Received potassium dichromate 2 mg/kg + ginseng orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 4 weeks. Potassium dichromate + nano-ginseng (200mg/kg) group: Received potassium dichromate + nano-ginseng at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 4 weeks. Potassium dichromate + nano-ginseng (100mg/kg) group: Received potassium dichromate + nano-ginseng at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight daily for 4 weeks. Blood samples were analyzed to measure luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Testicular and epididymal tissues were examined histologically. the result shaw Exposure to potassium dichromate resulted in a significant decrease in testosterone, LH and FSH levels, indicating impaired testicular function. Oxidative stress was also induced, as evidenced by increased MDA levels and decreased CAT and SOD activities. These alterations were accompanied by histological changes in the testes and epididymis. Treatment with ginseng or nano ginseng ameliorated the adverse effects of potassium dichromate on the male reproductive system. Both ginseng forms restored hormone levels, reduced oxidative stress markers, and improved testicular and epididymal histology. The findings suggest the potential use of ginseng as a protective agent against potassium dichromate-induced reproductive toxicity in rats.