تقييم دور الجينات المرتبطة بالمناعة سلسلة Integrin alpha M ITGAM)، وعامل نخر الورم (TNF) البروتين المستحث ألفا 3 Interferon-alpha (IFN( وعلامات السيتوكين ))TNFAIP3 ، ومستقبل (Toll-like-7 (TLR7) في أمراضية داء الذئبة الحمراء الجهازية لدى المرضى العراقيين

Evaluation Role of (Integrin-alpha M Chain (ITGAM), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Induced Protein 3 (TNFAIP3) , (Interferon-alpha (IFN- α), and Toll-like Receptor-7 (TLR-7)) for Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Iraqi Patients.

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multi-system autoimmune disease. The important characterize of this disease represented by the of excess autoantibodies generated when the immune system’s tolerance to self-antigen is breakdown. After that, organs damage mediated by the deposition of immune complexes in tissues leads to the activation of complement, accumulation of neutrophils and monocytes, and self-reactive lymphocytes. Despite the difficulties associated with the estimated 134 cases of SLE per 100,000 people worldwide, research had shown that early detection of SLE reduces the risk of flare-ups, prompts use of healthcare services, and lessens the financial burden of the condition. For these reasons, scientists have worked to find possible genetic and secretory indicators of SLE over the years in an effort to help patients who are asymptomatic or subclinical discover the illness early on. Determining the critical signs for the non-invasive early diagnosis of SLE in people who may be at risk is therefore crucial.
The data of serum levels SLE-associated autoantibodies (ANA and antidsDNA), complement proteins (C3 and C4) that taken from patient reports to evaluate disease activity .The demographical and clinical features of SLE patients were evaluated . Also, use results of the serum levels of, cytokine IFN- α and TLR-7 receptor as well as expression levels of ITGAM and TNFAIP3 genes were evaluated and comparisons were made between SLE patients and the non-SLE subjects.
Across sectional study was conducted for period of 10 month starting from November /2022 to August / 2023 ; the total number of participants were 120 subjects they were divided into two groups : the first one includes (60) patients with SLE and the second group includes (60) as apparently healthy control .laboratory tests were done by serological techniques of sandwich ELISA , were tested for specific serum human IFN- α, TLR-7, a whole blood test was performed using PCR technology for gene expression specific ITGAM and TNFAIP3 .
The results obtained indicated the socio-demographical factors such as sex, and family history affects susceptibility to SLE. Results of serum values of ANA and anti-dsDNA autoantibodies , IFN-α and TLR-7 It were used to measure the extent of its relationship to the stages of lupus disease activity. The current statistical study showed that there is no relationship between these immune markers and disease activity, except for C4, which showed a significant relationship with disease activity with a probability value (p = 0.005). were also high levels in the SLE patients relative to the control (IFNα, 344.79±137.98 U/mL SLE vs. 234.88±121.15 U/mL non-SLE (p = 0.01) and TLR-7, 786.48±244.68 U/mL SLE vs. 426.66±129.71 U/mL non-SLE (p = 0.001)). The expression of ITGAM and TNFAIP3 were higher in the SLE patients compared to the control group by 15.48 and 43.08 folds respectively.
The current study suggest that the evaluation of the SLE disease activity by use SLEDIA score with help of previous results of autoantibodies ( ANA, Anti dsDNA ) , complement ( C3, C4 ) cytokines (IFN-α and TLR7) as well as expression levels of ITGAM and TNFAIP3 genes are useful markers for prognosis and management of SLE.