تقييم عدد من التراكيب الوراثية و المستحضرات الاحيائية و المركبات الكيميائية في مكافحة فايروس موزائيك الخيار ( (Cucumber mosaic virusعلى نبات )Cucumis melo L.) الب

Evaluation of a number of genotypes, bio-formulations and chemical compounds in control of Cucumber mosaic virus on melon plants (Cucumis melo L.)

This study aimed to control Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) on the melon plants
(Cucumis melo L.) using some biological control factors and amino acids besides seaweed
extracts Oligo X and Bio-stimulant Bio Health WSC, glutathione, and hydrogen
peroxide). This study also aimed to evaluate susceptibility some genotypes of melon
against CMV infection by assessment the percentage of disease incidence and severity
besides evaluating some mineral elements (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and
manganese), nitrogen, protein, chemical compounds (phenols, flavonoids, and tannins)
and plant hormones (Gibberellin, cytokinin, and indoleacetic acid). All the experiments
mentioned in this study were carried out in the Laboratory of Plant Viruses and
Greenhouses of the Plant Protection Department at the College of Agriculture/ University
of Kerbala
The virus isolate was molecularly diagnosed as CMV based on showing a similarity
of 100% with some isolates of previously deposited at the National Center for
Biotechnology Information (NCBI), including those isolate in Hungary (AJ517802),
Australia (U22821), and Slovenia (OL142046).
The results of the response test of the melon genotypes against CMV infection
demonstrated that all the genotypes tested in this study are susceptible to CMV with
different degrees of susceptibility. However, the genotypes HA-265, GA-1534, and HA-
2011 were the most tolerant of CMV with infection severity reached 20.0 and 35.5%,
respectively, compared to the genotypes HA-144 and HA-609. The most susceptible with
severely 80 and 100%, respectively In addition, the viral infection had a clear effect in
reducing the level of some mineral elements (calcium, magnesium and manganese) in the
genotypes infected with CMV, and the genotypes HA-144, GM-3034, and GA-1534 were
the most affected with a significant difference from the levels in uninfected plants. It was
also observed that the viral infection had a clear effect in raising the level of sodium and
potassium, and the most affected genotype was HA-609 that significantly differed from
their normal levels in uninfected plants. However, it was found that viral infection had a
clear effect on reducing nitrogen and protein levels in the infected genotypes, and the HA-
144 genotype was the most significantly reduced with a significant difference from their
levels in uninfected plants
As well as, the results proved that the viral infection had a clear effect in raising the
level of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins in the genotypes infected with CMV, and the
genotypes HA-144, HA-609 and, HA-144 gave the highest levels of those chemicals with
a significant difference from their levels in uninfected plants.
The results proved a decrease in the level of gibberellin hormone in plants
genotypes infected with the virus, and the genotype was the lowest GA-1534 ( g /ml)
among the other genotypes, with a significant difference from its level in uninfected
An increase in the levels of cytokinin hormone and indoleacetic acid was also
observed in CMV-infected genotypes. The genotypes HA-609 and HA-144 gave the
highest rates (6.02 µg/ml and 5.85 µg/ml, respectively) with a significant difference from
their levels in uninfected plants, whose rates were1.57µg/ml/ and 2.83µg/ml, respectively
The viral infection also showed a decrease in the dry weight and yield of a plant with a
clear difference from Those plants uninfected with CMV. The results revealed that the
treatment with amino acids and extracts of seaweed Oligo X, the biofungicide of
Trichoderma spp., the biostimulant Bio Health WSC, glutathione, and hydrogen peroxide
have a clear effect in reducing the disease symptoms caused by CMV, which indicates
that these substances have a role in inhibiting the replication and movement of the virus
within the plant cells The results also showed that the use of the biofungicide of
Trichoderma spp. before and during CMV infection gave better results compared to using
this biocide after infection.