تقييم فعالية المركب النانوي لنبات المريمية Salvia officinalis في بكتريا Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa المعزولة من الجروح والحروق في مدينة كربلاء

Evaluation of the effectiveness of Salvia officinalis nanocomposite in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria isolated from wounds and burns in Karbala city

The present study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effectiveness of the green nanocomposite from Salvia officinalis leaves on the resistance of bacteria isolated from wounds and burns before and after loading ciprofloxacin.
100 isolates out of 120 isolates of both sexes with ages ranging from (1 day to 70 years) were collected from burn and wound patients hospitalized. The number of wound isolates was 60 isolates and the number of burn isolates was 40 isolates. The isolates were transferred in the form of swab placed in a sterile carrier medium from Imam Hussein Medical City Hospital in the holy city of Karbala. All isolates were cultured on MacConkey agar, Blood agar and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. The bacteria were diagnosed by VITEK-2 Compact System and the result was Klebsiella pneumonia 24%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 21%, E. coli 8%, 10% Coagulase negative staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus 12%, Enterobacter aerogenes 5%, Acinetobacter baumannii complex7% , Enterococcus Avium 4%, Enterobacter cloacae 2%, Serratia 1%, Enterococcus gallinarum 6%
The results of the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) showed that the loading process gave indications of the success of this process by the presence of changes on the surface of the nanocomposites loaded with the drug, and that all these changes are within the nanoscale sizes and dimensions, which are consistent with the results of the Fourier transform infrared technique (FT-IR), as the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the AgNPs nanocomposite Salvia revealed homogeneity of the distribution of the molecules and most of the shapes of the molecules are cubic. The most common bacterial isolates were treated with five treatments and three concentrations C1>MIC, the second concentration C2=MIC, the third concentration C3<MIC. The first treatment T1 was the antibiotic CIP, the second treatment T2 was the aqueous extract of Salvia officinalis leaves, the third treatment T3 was the nanocomposite, the fourth treatment was the aqueous extract loaded with CIP, and the fifth treatment was the nanocomposite loaded with CIP. The results showed clear inhibition zones in the fourth and fifth treatments, the aqueous extract loaded with CIP and the nanocomposite loaded with CIP. The silver nanoparticles showed the highest synergistic efficiency with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin against multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae bacteria, recording an inhibition rate of 14.33 ± 1.41, while against P. aeruginosa bacteria, an inhibition rate of 13.44 ± 0.88 was recorded.
The results of the investigation of the resistance genes pgaA gene in K. pneumoniae bacteria showed The pslA gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, the isolates have the ability to form biofilm by 100% on Congo red agar. The results of the gene expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria using RT-PCR showed that the concentration of C1>MIC negatively affects the level of gene expression of the pslA gene specific to the formation of biofilm of P. aeruginosa bacteria, as the aqueous extract loaded with the drug and the nanocomposite loaded with the drug act as an antibiofilm, which affects its resistance to antibiotics.
The current study concluded that the nanocomposites work better when combined with antibiotics, and proved to be highly efficient when accompanied by antibiotics compared to when they were separate.