تقييم فعالية بعض المستخلصات النباتية الطبية في تثبيط بعض الفطريات والبكتريا الممرضة

Evaluate the Effectiveness of some Medical Plant Extracts in Inhibiting some Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria

In order to test the effectiveness of some medicinal plant extracts, namely Terminalia chebula seeds, Pimpinella anisum, Artemisia herba alba, Carum carvi and Eruca sativa leaves against some types of microorganisms, namely bacteria and fungi that are pathogenic to the skin by extracting the botanical parts of the studied plants using three solvents: distilled water, ethyl alcohol 95% and acetone 70%. The method of spreading by digging was followed for bacterial isolates, with (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100) mg/ml, as for the fungi, the method of mixing dried plant extracts with the culture medium was followed at concentrations (1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20) mg/ml,
the results showed the effectiveness of the extracts in inhibiting the radial growth of the bacterial and fungal isolates included in the study. The percentage of that inhibition was calculated and the value of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for each extract was determined against the tested bacteria and fungi. The alcoholic extract was superior in the inhibitory activity to the acetone extract and the aqueous extract of the used plants and the pathogenic bacteria showed a variation in their sensitivity towards the plant extracts, as the pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus was more sensitive than the two types Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the fungi also showed a variation in their sensitivity to the plant extracts, as The fungus Microsporum canis was more sensitive than other fungi Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. It turned out that the alcoholic extract of the seeds of the Terminalia chebula plant was one of the best extracts in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. the plants content of the active compounds was investigated, which is the main reason in order to show the inhibitory efficacy, the preliminary detection of the plants was carried out using a number of chemical reagents, and the results showed that all plant samples contained carbohydrates, glycosides, phenols, flavonoids, phycoumarins, alkaloids, tannins, terpenes and saponins, except for Carum carvi seeds which lack the presence of saponins in their biochemical composition. A quantitative assessment of a number of active compounds present in the used plants was also carried out and phenols constituted the highest percentage, especially in the seeds of the Terminalia chebula plant, followed by flavonoids and tannins and then alkaloids and in all the studied plants. And the ability to remove free radicals. The results of the plant cytotoxicity test showed that the plants have a very small percentage below the recommended limit compared to the side effects of antibiotics.