تقييم كفاءة بعض عوامل المكافحة المتكاملة في السيطرة على ذبابة القطن البيضاء Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae) تحت ظروف المختبر والبيت البلاستيكي

Evaluate the efficiency some integrated control agents to control The cotton whitefly with Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae) under the laboratory and conditions

The study was conducted for the effect of chemical and biological treatments against the stages of the cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Alerodidae)، where field surveys were carried out on 9/14/2022 by collecting the leaves of tomato and eggplant crops in the different areas of Karbala Governorate، in addition to the Hindiya district، Al،Rashida aera ، the fields of the College of Agriculture in the district of Al،Husseiniyah. The results showed the presence of the most common type of cotton whitefly B. tabaci.
The laboratory and field results of the used pesticides (Afiskat ، Oxymatrin ، Al،Baron) showed a significant effect on the treated stages، and the laboratory results for the treatments were effective after five days of treatment، as the rate of mortality for the treated eggs reached 94.4 ، 92.4 ،89.7%، respectively. The average mortality rate for the nymphs was 95.2 ، 94.5 ،93.4%، respectively. The average mortality rate of pupa was 92.1 ،82.6 ،79.0%، respectively. At the same time، the adult mortality rate was 86.6 ،73.4 ،71.1% respectively.
The field results of the chemical pesticides showed that the average percentage of egg mortality was 64.6 ،59.0 ،54.3%، respectively، during five days of treatment. The average mortality rate of the primary nymphs was 63.8 ،58.7 ،55.5%، respectively، during five days of treatment. The average mortality rate for adults was 77.4 ،65.4 and 60.7%، respectively، during 13 days of treatment.
As for the field results of the chemical treatments، Afiskat pesticide also excelled as it gave a high mortality rate for the different insect stages compared to other chemical treatments. The pesticide treatment for the adult female experiment recorded 77.4% after 13 days of treatment.
As for the results of the biological treatments used in the laboratory and field، Entomopathogenic –nematodes (EPNs):Heterohabditis bacteriophora ، Steinernema carpocapsae ، Beauveria bassiana Bacillus thuriengiensis ، ،Basilomyces lilacinus against insect stages، the high mortality rate for laboratory experiments after five days of treatment. The average mortality rate for treated eggs was (93.1، 82.6، 87.2، and 82.7%)، respectively. The average mortality rate of the primary nymphs was 89.3 ،88.9 ،88.6 ،88.6%، respectively. The average mortality rate for pupa was 80.6 ،73.6 ،75.0 ،73.0%، respectively.
However، the adult mortality rate was 77.7 ،75.8 ،64.4 ،62.2%، respectively. As for the field results of the biological treatments، the average egg mortality rate was 52.8 ،52.0 ،51.9 ،49.1%، respectively. The average mortality rate for primary nymphs was 57.9 ،53.2 ، 51.9 ، 50.6%، respectively. The average mortality rate for adults was 65.0 ،64.4 64.0 63.0%، respectively، after 13 days of treatment. All treatments were sprayed on plant leaves.
The results of the biopesticides used against insect stages in the laboratory showed the superiority of the suspension of the insect،pathogenic nematodes Heterohabditis bacteriophora ، Steinernema carpocapsae in both of them in giving them a high mortality rate against the insect stages after five days of treatment. When insect eggs were treated، it gave an average mortality rate of 93.1% for eggs. The treatment results for the primary nymph stages recorded the superiority of the nematode suspension، which gave an average mortality rate of 93.6%. EPNs gave a mortality rate for the stages of the treated pupa of 80.6%. As for the adult experience، the nematode suspension gave a high death rate compared to other biological treatments، as the adult death rate was 77.7%.
EPNs، Heterohabditis bacteriophora ، Steinernema carpocapsae، gave the highest mortality rate for laboratory experiments compared to other biological treatments. The results of the nematode suspension for the two species for the experiment with the mortality of eggs after the treatment period reached a rate of 52.8%. In contrast، the results of the treatment for the experiment with the destruction of primary nymphs averaged 57.9%. 65%. Note that EPNs were used in the field under suitable conditions for the growth of effective larvae to control against the stages of the insect، which were 30-25℃ and humidity of 60%. All the results of the treatments used in the field and the laboratory against the insect stages showed a high mortality rate for the eggs and the primary stages that were more sensitive than the virgins and adults whose death rate was lower for those advanced stages of the insect.