تقييم مستوى الدهون وبعض المعايير المناعية في مرضى نقص التروية القلبية في محافظة كربلاء

Evaluation of lipid profile and Some Immunological parameters in pateints with ischemic heart disease in Karbala province

Ischemic heart disease is a condition brought about by the mean impediment of blood transportation to the muscles of the heart, Lipid profile and immunological disturbances are the foremost factors of danger to IHD. The current study was conducted during the period from December 2022 to May 2023; it included collecting blood samples from (30) individuals randomly selected as a controls group with an age range of 40-85 years as well (60) patients suffering from IHD with age range 40-85 years, whom were visiting the hospital of Imam-AL-Hussein-medical city as well as Imam Al-Hassan Al-Mujtaba hospital in Karbala government . Blood samples were collected from all individuals to evaluate the lipid profile that including (Total cholesterol , Triglycerides , High- density lipoprotein , Low- density lipoprotein, Triglycerides / High density lipoprotein ratio) and immunological biomarkers including (Interleukin -6, soluble Interleukin -6 receptor , Tumor necrosis factor-α).
The study showed significant differences between Ischemic heart disease cases and healthy controls. Ischemic heart disease cases had an increased age range, higher body mass index , and elevated blood pressure levels compared to controls. Biochemical analysis showed increased Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, and Low-density lipoprotein, with decreased High- density lipoprotein, in Ischemic heart disease patients. Immunological parameters were also significantly increased (P≤0.05) in Ischemic heart disease patients.
The current study studied the distribution of the population by age and the finding showed also highest percentage of Ischemic heart disease patients and controls in the ≥60 age group and the lowest in the ≤50 group. It also examined the effect of age on lipid profile and immunological biomarkers in Ischemic heart disease, the results showed that (Triglycerides) and (Low-density lipoprotein) levels significantly increased (P≤0.05) with age, with the highest in the older age groups. Nonetheless, the remaining lipid and immunological biomarkers did not differ significantly across age groups.
The study found that sex had a significant effect on Low-density lipoprotein levels in Ischemic heart disease patients, with females showing higher Low- density lipoprotein compared to males. However, sex did not have a significant effect on other lipid biomarkers or on immunological biomarkers in both Ischemic heart disease patients and healthy controls.
The study found significant correlations between various biomarkers. Height positively correlated with weight, while Triglycerides positively correlated with Total cholesterol, High- density lipoprotein, showed an inverse correlation with height and Total cholesterol, Low- density lipoprotein positively correlated with Total cholesterol and Triglycerides, soluble Interleukin -6 receptor positively correlated with Interleukin -6, The Triglycerides / High-density lipoprotein ratio showed a positive correlation trend with soluble Interleukin -6 receptor, The study also identified cut-off values for Interleukin -6, soluble Interleukin -6 receptor, and Tumor necrosis factor-α in predicting disease activity.
Overall, the results highlight the importance of lipid profile biomarkers, especially Triglycerides / High- density lipoprotein, ratio, as well as Interleukin -6 and Tumor necrosis factor-α in the development of Ischemic heart disease in the Iraqi population, Circulating levels of Interleukin -6, soluble Interleukin -6 receptor, and Tumor necrosis factor-α are more accurate predictors of Ischemic heart disease than lipid profile concentrations.