تقييم مستوياتIFN- γ, IgG المتكونة لأنواع لقاحات كوفيد المختلفة

Evaluation the IgG and IFN-γ levels among different types of COVID-19 vaccine

Summary
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic acute respiratory disease caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is a highly transmissible coronavirus that emerged in China in late 2019 and it is considered as a public health emergency worldwide by the World Health Organization.
This pandemic has also changed the people’s life style; caused extensive job losses and threatened the sustenance of millions of people, as businesses have shut down to control the spread of virus. The most effective and promising method of combating this widespread viral pandemic was through vaccination.
A cross sectional study was conducted in College of Applied Medical Sciences, Kerbala university. Sample collection was carried out for 6 months, starting from November /2021 to April/2022. The total number of participants were 174 vaccinated subjects divided into three groups; 105(60.3%) subjects had received the Pfizer vaccine, 59(33.9%) subjects had received the Sinopharm vaccine, and 10(5.7%) subjects of them had received AstraZeneca. ELIZA tests were done for all subjects to measure IFN-γ, and SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant antibody test was used to measure IgG anti spike.
From 174 subjects, 90 subjects (51.7%) were men and 84 (48.2%) were women with ages ranged from 18 to 70 years. The mean age of participant was 25.97 ± 9.327. Compares anti-spike (IgG) levels among the three types of vaccines reveals significant difference. AstraZeneca and Sinopharm’s vaccines had lower IgG concentrations as compared to Pfizer’s vaccine.
The overall antibody concentration in participants under the age of 25 was higher than that in people above the age of 25. Also, there were significant differences among the three types of vaccine within both age groups, and the highest concentration was seen in participants vaccinated with Pfizer.
Regarding IFN-γ, there was no significant difference within and between the two age groups, exception the AstraZeneca vaccine there was significant difference between less and more than 25 age.
Additionally, there was a significant difference in IgG concentration among the three types of vaccines within male and female subjects, and the antibody production was higher in participants vaccinated with Pfizer. The mean IgG concentration was higher in males than females in subjects vaccinated with Pfizer and AstraZeneca. However, no significant difference between males and females’ subjects was observed for each type of vaccine. Regarding the IFN γ, there were no significant differences either among the three types of vaccines, nor between males and females for each vaccine.
The anti-spike IgG concentration for vaccination with Pfizer varied significantly among the weeks after vaccination and the maximum concentration occurring between the sixth and seventh weeks. The weeks after vaccination do not significantly differ for the Sinopharm and AstraZeneca vaccinations.
There was no statistically significant difference in IgG and IFN-γ mean levels between vaccinated subject with confirmed previous infection group versus vaccinated subject without apparent previous infection in subjects vaccinated with Pfizer and Sinopharm. However, there was a significant difference in the case of the AstraZeneca vaccine regarding IgG levels but not for IFN-γ levels.
The antibody concentration is significantly different among the three types of vaccines in overweight and obese subjects. whereas no significant difference was observed in the case of underweight subjects. The mean was higher in subjects vaccinated with Pfizer vaccine. Moreover, there was marginally significant difference between the mean of antibody concentration of normal weight subject vaccinated with Pfizer vaccine and those subjects in other groups (underweight, overweight, and obese). Regarding the IFN-γ level, there were significant difference among the three types of vaccines in obese subjects. The highest mean was observed in subjects vaccinated with Sinopharm vaccine. Additionally, there were highly significant difference among the four groups vaccinated with Sinopharm vaccine.
Finally, we conclude from this study the Participants vaccinated with Pfizer vaccine produces the highest antibody and IFN-γ concentration, younger participants under the age of 25 had higher antibody and IFN-γ concentrations than older participants, no difference between male and female in immune response to vaccine, no difference between first and second dose after vaccination and no effect for previous infection in improve the response to vaccine.