تَأثير أَعماق الزراعة والرش بمركب الديسبرفيتال في البزوغ ونمو وحاصل الذرة الصفراء

The effect of planting depths and spraying with Disper vital compound In Field steablshmeant, growth and yield of ( Zea mays L.)

Two field experiments were carried out in the experimental field of Ibn Al-Bitar Vocational Preparatory School of the Directorate of Education in the Holy Karbala Governorate, the Department of Vocational Education, and during the spring season of 2021, in clay soil (mixed) with the aim of studying the effect of planting depths in increasing the percentage of field emergence and determining the best depth for planting seeds to give the best An emergence ratio leads to the establishment of an ideal field, and the determination of the best concentration of the compound DISPER VITAL gives the highest yield of yellow maize, the Baghdad 3 variety, where the crop is sprayed with the compound before the appearance of the silk to ensure the success of the pollination process and fertilization.
A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used in the field emergence experiment with three replicates and a single factor: Factor: seeding depths (3, 6, 9 and 12) cm.
The RCBD also used factorial experiments with three replications and with two factors:
The first factor: the depths of planting seeds (3, 6, 9 and 12) cm.
The second factor: concentrations of DISPER VITAL (spraying with water only, 0.750, 1,000, and 1,250) mg L-1, where the crop is sprayed with the compound before the emergence of silk (at the beginning of the formation of the corneas).
The first experiment:
The results showed that the depth of 3cm exceeded by giving the highest average of characteristics (emergence speed, emergence percentage, root length, stalk length, seedling dry weight and seedling strength), as the values ​​reached (66.1%, 94.9%, 12.83 cm, 14.60 cm, 0.1933 mg and 2561). While the depth of 12 cm gave the lowest average for the characteristics (emergence speed, emergence percentage, root length, stalk length, seedling dry weight and seedling strength), where the values ​​were (11.7%, 48.5%, 8.41 cm, 12.38 cm, 0.1287 mg and 1008).
The depth of 12 cm gave the highest rate for the characteristic (number of days from planting to 70% field emergence, cumulative heat collection for the characteristic of the number of days from planting to 70% of field emergence, and embryonic peduncle length), which reached (12 days, 128.4 C0 and 4.53 cm). ), while the depth of 3 cm gave the lowest average for the trait (number of days from planting until 70% of field emergence, cumulative heat accumulation for the average number of days from planting and at 70% of field emergence, and embryonic stalk length), which amounted to (7.67 days, 76.1 C0 and 1 cm). While the depth of 9 cm exceeded by giving the highest average (for reading the chlorophyll index and for the periods 1/4/2021 and 6/5/2021), as it reached (30.20 SPAD and 45.92 SPAD), while the depth of 3 cm gave the lowest rate (for reading the chlorophyll index and for the two periods). 1/4/2021 and 6/5/2021), which amounted to (22.30 SPAD and 36.63 SPAD).
Second experiment:
The results showed that the depth of 12 cm exceeded by giving the highest average for the traits (plant height, leaf area, leaf area index, number of days from planting to 75% male flowering, cumulative heat collection for the characteristic of number of days from cultivation to 75% male flowering, number of days from planting to 75% female flowering, cumulative thermal aggregation for the characteristic of the number of days from planting to 75% of female flowering, corncob length, number of grains per row, number of grains per corncob, weight of 1000 grains, total grain yield , biological yield, number of days from planting to physiological maturity, cumulative thermal aggregation for adjective number Days from planting to physiological maturity, nitrogen percentage in grains, nitrogen percentage in leaves, protein percentage in grains, protein percentage in leaves, calcium percentage in grains, calcium percentage in leaves, boron content in grains, boron content in leaves and carbohydrates content in grains ), as it reached (220.67 cm, 6800 cm2 , 3.6264 cm2, 75 days, 1300.8C0, 75.83 days, 1321.7 C0, 21.05 cm, 43.86 grains. Row-1, 773 grains. cob -1, 298.84 g,12.46 ton. ha-1 , 33.61 ton. ha-1, 105.50 days, 2093 C0, 3.213%, 1.0517%, 18.32%, 5.992%, 0.02408%, 0.0722%, 35.30 mg. kg-1, 33.39 mg. kg-1 and 279.1 mg. kg-1).
The concentration exceeded 1.250 g. Liter-1, spraying the Dispervital compound by giving the highest rate for the characteristics (plant height, leaf area, leaf area index, corncob length, number of grains per row, number of grains per corncob, weight of 1000 grains, total grain yield, biological yield, nitrogen percentage in grains, protein percentage in grains, the percentage of calcium in the grains, the percentage of calcium in the leaves, the content of boron in the grains, the content of boron in the leaves and the content of carbohydrates in the grains), the values ​​were (218.16 cm, 6972 cm2, 3.7128 cm2, 20.39 cm, 43.15 grain.row-1, 781.9 grain.cob-1, 286.50 g,11.47 ton. ha-1 , 30.88 tons, ha-1, 3.241%, 18.47%, 0.02333%, 0.0762%, 44.43 mg. kg-1, 39.43 mg. kg-1 and 298.8 mg. kg-1).
The comparison treatment was superior as it gave the highest rate for some of the traits studied (number of days from planting to 75% male flowering, cumulative thermal collection for the characteristic of number of days from cultivation to 75% male flowering, number of days from cultivation to 75% female flowering, cumulative thermal collection for the trait The number of days from planting to 75% female flowering, the number of days from planting to physiological maturity and the cumulative heat accumulation for the characteristic of the number of days from sowing to physiological maturity), as it reached (75.17 days, 1303.3 C0, 75.67 days, 1314.5 C0, 106 days , 2105 C0).
While he gave a concentration of 1.250 g. L-1, Dispervital spray, lowest rate for traits (number of days from planting to 75% male flowering, cumulative heat accumulation for the number of days from planting to 75% male flowering, number of days from planting to 75% female flowering, cumulative thermal accumulation for the characteristic of number days from planting to 75% female flowering, number of days from sowing to physiological maturity and cumulative heat accumulation for the characteristic of the number of days from sowing to physiological maturity), as it reached (69.75 days, 1171.9 C0, 70.58 days, 1193.6 C0, 97.25 days and 1874 C0). While there is a significant effect between the depth of 12 cm and the spray concentration of 1.250 g. L-1, In the chlorophyll index on 14/6/2021 when it reached 62.46 SPAD, the number of grain row 45.55grain. Row-1 , it weighs 1000 pcs 320.46 g , total grain yield 12.95 tons, ha-1 , nitrogen percentage in grains 3.703 % , protein percentage in grains 21.12 % , the percentage of calcium in the grains 0.030 % and the content of boron in the grains 48.49 mg kg -1

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