حقوق الدول غير الساحلية في المنطقة الاقتصادية الخالصة

Rp-The Rights of Landlocked States in the Exclusive Economic Zone.pdf

Abstract
The rights of landlocked countries in the exclusive economic zone in the seas are considered one of the important and vital topics in the legal regulation of the seas, as they relate to the rights of the most affected and deprived countries from enjoying the benefits of the seas and their resources. In addition to their use of the seas as roads for transportation, a source of international conflict between them and other countries, and when international efforts sought to find an international regulation of the seas in general, the issue of the rights of these countries was one of the most important topics that took up space in the discussion, as the international effort focused on putting forward a consensual formula to allow access to the sea through Access from the territories of the States that seize them for him and during the sessions of the last United Nations conference Which resulted in the Convention on the Law of the Sea for the year (1982), it sought with all its efforts to find international recognition of its other marine rights, represented by a share of the wealth of the seas. Adjacent to its territorial sea, which led to the outbreak of an international dispute between it and the coastal states, which ended with the recognition of a set of marine rights in this new maritime field, some of which are general rights granted to all countries without discrimination, and others have their own rights that are not transferred to other countries However, the legal formulation according to which these rights were included did not express pure rights, but rather it is closer to the meaning of the license granted by the coastal state to it, as it is restricted by several regulatory restrictions, among which it must be practiced in accordance with general international agreements and principles, and in the event of deviating from it, it will be exposed to international punishment by bearing international responsibility. As a result of that breach, and if the international dispute develops around those maritime interests and privileges and forms an international dispute, then the method of settling it takes place according to the contexts and methods introduced by the modern international law of the seas, some of which are traditional methods such as the International Court of Justice and the General Arbitration Tribunal, as well as the new means such as the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and the Special Arbitration Tribunal.