دراسة إزالة صبغتي Safranin وMethyl Red من محاليلها المائية بامتزازها على صخور البورسيلينات العراقية وشكلها المحور

Study Removal Methyl Red and Safranin dye from aqueous solution by adsorption on Iraqi Porcelanite Rocks and Modified Form

Abstract:-
This thesis included a study of the adsorption of Safranin and Methyl Red dyes on the surface of Iraqi porcelain rock powder and its axis shape. Iraqi porcelanite rock powder was treated with melamine to prepare the porcelain-melamine complex, then the polymerization process of the complex with formaldehyde was carried out to prepare the Iraqi porcelain-melamine-formaldehyde-formaldehyde polymer. The axis was formed using infrared techniques (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the external appearance was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in addition to the diagnosis by atomic force microscopy (AFM) of the surface. A series of experiments were conducted and several experimental variables were studied, including: equilibrium time, adsorbing surface weight, PH, the effect of ionic intensity, and the effect of temperature (isotherms). The results showed that equilibrium was obtained for Methyl Red dye at an equilibrium time of 20 min. The adsorbing surface weight was 0.0200 g and the acid function PH = 4.4 for Iraqi porcelain rocks, while the equilibrium time was 10 min and the adsorbing surface weight was 0.0100g at PH = 4.4 for the axial shape of Iraqi porcelain rocks. As for Safranin dye, the results showed that equilibrium occurs at a time of 20 minutes. The weight of the adsorbing surface was 0.0200 g and the acid function PH=8 for Iraqi porcelain rocks,while the equilibrium time was 10 min, and the adsorbing surface weight was 0.0100g at PH = 8 for the axial shape of Iraqi porcelain rocks. As for the ionic strength, the results of the study of the effect of ionic strength on the adsorption of Safranin and Methyl Red dyes on Iraqi and modified porcelain rocks indicate a decrease in the adsorption capacity with an increase in ionic strength. The greater the charge and the larger the volume interferes more in the adsorption with Methyl Red dye in the following order:
Ca+2 > Mg+2 > K+1 > Na+1
Where the percentage of removal of Methyl Red dye with sodium chloride salt is higher than the percentage with calcium chloride salt, while the effect of these salts with Safranin dye is completely opposite to that of Methyl Red dye, and the order of effect of ions is as follows:
Na+1 >K+1 >Mg+2 >Ca+2 The effect of the concentration of these salts on the dyes Safranin and Methyl Red, whereby the increase in the salt concentration corresponds to a decrease in the percentage of removal.
The values of thermodynamic functions (ΔG, ΔH, ΔS) were calculated it was found that the adsorption process of Methyl Red and Safranin dyes on the surface of Iraqi porcelain rock powder and its axis shape is spontaneous, emitting heat and a decrease in randomness through negative values of compression energy and negative values of change In enthalpy and entropy. The removal of two dyes, Methyl Red, Safranin, on the surface of Iraqi porcelain rocks powder, and their axis shape as adsorbent surfaces at different temperatures (298-338k) was studied to determine the adsorption isotherms and thermodynamic functions.
The models of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used and were to describe the empirical isotherms and the isotherms constants. The equilibrium data of the two dyes Methyl Red and Safranin showed that they agree with the hypothesis of Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms well on the surface of Iraqi porcelain rock powder and its axis shape. The isotherm form of a dye takes the shape of the letter S, according to Giles’ classification. A comparison was made between the use of both surfaces for the adsorption of Safranin and Methyl Red dyes, and it was found that the adsorption of Safranin and Methyl Red dyes on the Modified surface of Iraqi porcelain (PMFP) rocks was better than using the surface of pure Iraqi porcelain rocks.