دراسة التأثير السمي للمستخلص المائي و الكحولي لأوراق نبات الدفلة Nerium oleander L. في يرقات ديدان العقد الجذرية Meloidogyne incognita (kofoid & white ) chitwood وبعض الأحياء غير المستهدفة)

Studying the toxic effect of aqueous & alcoholic extracts of oleander leaves Nerium oleander L. on nematode̛ s larvae of Meloidogyne incognita (kofoid & white)chitwood & some non target organisms

alcoholic extract of leaves of the oleander plant Nerium oleander L. in the death of second stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita ( kofoid & white) chitwood root knot nematodes and their effect on non-target certain organisms . As well as a preliminary examination constructive for compounds involved in the installation of both extracts .
The results indicated that both extracts effect on death of second stage juveniles of root knot worms and this effect has a positive relationship with the concentration, on the other hand it has been shown that the aqueous extracts impacts on juveniles more than alcoholic extract with same uses concentrations then percentage of death was ( 0, 10, 36 , 73 , 100 ) % for aqueous extract and ( 10 ,13 ,26 ,36 ,66 ) for alcoholic extract for that concentration 1000 , 2000 , 3000 , 4000 , 5000 ml/L succession .in studying effect this extracts in inhibition  growth  Rhizobium sp. The result shown  that no effect of two extracts and no effect of commercial pesticide Cadusafos  . in term of impact on death of earth worm Lambricus rubellus the result indicate that no lethal effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts to earth worm of  concentration 3000 , 4000 and 5000 ml/L then the percentage of death reach to 0% in comparison with 100% when use 100 ml/l of pesticide  Cadusafos  .

               In term of field work, the results showed significant impact of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts on the inhibition of infection nematodes root-knot , as the average number of nodes in the control treatment  was 132.5 , 8.2 when use pesticide and no nodes when use two extracts , when study the effect in some  productive characters of eggplant Solanum melongena  show that there are no moral differences between pesticide and two extracts , as cause increase in length of root , green groups and  average of yields with moral differences from control .

        The results of preliminary test that extracts have many compounds : Tannins , Glycoside, Saponins , alkaloids , resins , Flavonoids , Terpenes, phenols and carbohydrate while they do not contain : Coumarins , Saponins , Triterpenoids and volatile oils.
With regard to the test of active groups for both extracts by a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) ,  the test exhibit difference between frequencies of spectrum of active groups of both extracts and presence of some groups in one and they do not exist in the other as the existence of a C-H aromatics in aqueous and non-existent in the alcoholic extract and the existence of a group N-H amine in alcoholic extract and does not exist in the aqueous extract , While active groups appeared O-H , C-H aromatics , C-H Aliphatic , N-H amides , C=C , C=O.