دراسة الدور الوقائي للمستخلص المائي لجذور نبات الجينسينج panax ginseng على بعض المعايير الفسلجيَّة والنسجيَّة للخصى والبرابخ في الارانب المعاملة بخلات الرصاص

Study of the protective role of the aqueous extract of panax ginseng roots on some physiological and histological parameters of testes and epididymis in rabbits treated with lead acetate.

Summary
The current study aimed to evaluate the protective role of the aqueous extract of Panax ginseng roots at two different doses against the toxic effects of lead acetate in white male rabbits Lepus arcticus, and evaluate its effect by studying some physiological and biochemical parameters and histological changes in the testes and epididymis. The study was conducted in the Graduate Studies Laboratory / College of Education for Pure Sciences, Department of Pure Sciences and Al-Fadel/Babel institution for the period from the beginning of October 2021 until the month of April 2022, in which (30) adult white male rabbits were used, their ages ranged from eight months to a year and their average weight ranged between (1.500) – 1.600) gram, the rabbits were divided into six groups and dosed orally and daily for one month, the first group G1 was dosed with 1.5 ml of saline normal, and the second group was negative control, and the second group G2 which dosed lead acetate at a concentration of 150 mg The third group G3 dosed with 400 mg/kg of aqueous extract ginseng and the fourth group G4 dosed with 400 mg/kg of aqueous extract of ginseng and after four hours it was dosed with lead acetate at a concentration of 150 mg/kg, either The fifth group G5 dosed with 600 mg/kg of aqueous extract of ginseng, and the sixth group G6 dosed with 600 mg/kg of aqueous extract of ginseng, and after four hours it was dosed with lead acetate at a concentration of 150 mg/kg.
Blood samples were collected after the end of the experiment for the purpose of measuring blood parameters (red blood cells RBC, white blood cells WBC and hemoglobin Hb). Blood serum was obtained for the purpose of measuring the level of the following physiological parameters:
Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), Fasting blood Sugar (BS), glutathione GSH, malondialdehyde (MDA), testosterone, Luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle releasing hormone (FSH) , sperm Count (SC).
As well as measuring the histological changes and measuring the diameters of each of: the average diameters of the seminiferous tubules, the lumen and the height of the epithelium, the average diameters of each of the cells (spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte, spermatids, and Sertoli cells) ,the average diameters of the (epididymis, the lumen and the height of the epithelium.
Oral administration to rabbits treated with lead acetate and aqueous extract of ginseng physiologically led to:
– There was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the mean of: (WBC), blood sugar, (TC), (TG) (LDL), (MDA) in the positive control group G2 (lead acetate group) by comparison to the negative control group G1.
– There was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the mean of RBC, Hb, HDL, SC, Testosterone, LH, FSH, and GSH in the ginseng aqueous extract group at a concentration of 400 mg/kg (G3) And the group of aqueous extract of ginseng at a concentration of 400 mg/kg with lead acetate treatment 150 mg/kg (G4) compared to the positive control group G2, and there was a significant decrease(P<0.05) in the rates of: WBC, blood sugar , TC, TG, LDL and MDA for both groups (G3-G4) compared to the positive control group G2.
– There was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the rate of RBC, Hb, HDL, SC, Testosterone, LH, FSH, and GSH in the ginseng aqueous extract group at a concentration of 600 mg/kg (G5) and the ginseng aqueous extract group at a concentration of 600 mg/kg. kg that treatment with lead acetate 150 mg/kg (G6) compared to the positive control group G2, and there was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the mean of: WBC, blood sugar, TC, TG, LDL, MDA for both groups (G6-G5). ) compared to the positive control group G2.
Oral administration to rabbits treated with lead acetate and aqueous extract of ginseng histologically led to:
– There was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the mean diameters of: seminiferous tubules, germ layer thickness, spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, spermatids, Sertoli cells, epididymis, the height of the epithelium of the head of the epididymis, the height of the epithelium of the tail of the epididymis And there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the mean diameters of: seminiferous tubule lumen and epididymal lumen in the positive control group G2 compared to the negative control group G1.
– There was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the mean diameters of the seminiferous tubules, thickness of the germ layer, spermatogonia , primary spermatocytes, Sertoli cells, epididymis, the height of the epithelium of the head of the epididymis, and the height of the epithelium of the tail of the epididymis in the group (G3) and (G4) compared to the positive control group G2, and there was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the mean diameters of each of: lumen of seminiferous tubules, epididymal lumen of both groups (G3-G4) compared to the positive control group G2.
– There was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the mean diameters of the seminiferous tubules, thickness of the germ layer, spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, Sertoli cells, and epididymis in (G5) and (G6) compared to the positive control group G2, and there was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the mean diameters of: the lumen of the seminiferous tubules, the lumen of the epididymis for both groups (G6-G5) compared to the positive control group G2.
We conclude from the above that the use of aqueous extract of panax ginseng at a concentration of 600 mg/kg had the strongest effectiveness in reducing the effects of lead acetate on physiological and histological paramet