دراسة بعض المعايير المناعية والتغيرات النسجية لدى عينة من مريضات سرطان الثدي في محافظة المثنى

Study of some Immune parameters and Histological changes in a sample of women with breast cancer in Al-Muthanna province.

Abstract
The study was designed to investigate some immunological parameters and histological changes in women with breast cancer and in healthy women as a control group in Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital in Al-Muthanna province for the period from September 2022 to February 2023. The study included 125 samples divided into 90 samples from women with breast cancer, on which risk factors, immunological and blood physiological parameters were studied, while 35 samples were studied, including TNF-α, IL-8, TGF-1ß, immunological and blood physiological parameters, in addition to the relationship of histological changes and HER2 results. With a risk factor,elevated immunological parameters TNF-α, IL-8, TGF-1ß. The results of the study indicated that risk factors (marriage, age from 40 years and above, weight from 60 years and above, residence in the city, duration of infection from two years or more, women with no family history) have a significant effect for each of the infected women after taking treatment. Chemotherapy and after breast lift, but the type of treatment did not constitute any significant difference in women with breast cancer after taking chemotherapy compared to the type of treatment after breast lift. Blood immune standards also showed an increase in white blood cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes in women with breast cancer after taking chemotherapy compared to basal cells and platelet volume, while the results of the blood immune study for women with breast cancer after breast lift surgery had no significant effect. The blood physiological standard represented by hemoglobin also showed a significant difference compared to red blood cells, platelet numbers, average size of blood cells, and the amount of hemoglobin in blood cells in women with breast cancer after taking chemotherapy, but blood physiological standards represented by hemoglobin, platelet numbers, and average size of blood cells were recorded in women with breast cancer. In breast cancer after breast lift, there is a significant difference compared to the average size of red blood cells and platelets. The concentration levels of cytokines TNF-α, IL-8, and TGF-1ß were studied and showed a significant increase in women with breast cancer compared to the control group. The high concentration levels of cytokines TNF-α, IL-8, and TGF-1ß showed an effect on Histological changes that occur in breast tissue affected by breast cancer. Also, HER2 positivity has a significant significance for the increase in TNF-α and TGF-1ß, while it does not constitue any significant significance for IL-8.
The results of the histological study during the examination of the samples showed that the cancer cells are clustered in nests and are multinucleated, in addition to the appearance of a thick stroma. Therefore, the elevation of some immune and blood physiological parameters, the elevation of cellular motility concentrations, as well as the appearance of changes in breast tissue may constitute predictive evidence of breast cancer