دراسة بيئية وتصنيفية للحشرات ذات الأهمية الجنائية في محافظة كربلاء المقدسة

Environmental and Taxonomic Study of Insects for forensic importance in the holy Karbala province

The current study targeted an environmental and taxonomic study of insect species of criminal importance in Karbala Province. The study carried out within four different geographically and environmentally areas which were:-
The agricultural area, the residential area, the desert, and an industrial area for the period from 1/3/2018/28/2019, depending on two types of vertebrata animals (dogs and rats) of different depths (surface, depth 50, 100 cm) for burying corpses and using two methods of killing are injurious machine (knife) and toxic substance (strychnine). In addition, during different seasons of the year (spring, summer, autumn, winter). In order to get acquainted the insects attracted to it and the preparation of classification keys for the larvae and the whole to facilitate the work of specialists in this field. The results of the study showed the following:
First:- record (26) species belonging to (11) families belonging to the order Diptera, namely Calliphora viciana, Chrysomayia albiceps, Chrysomayia megacephala, Chrysomayia Putoria and Lucilia sericata of the Calliphoridae family; and the species Sarcophaga vagans. Sarcophaga altitudins, Sarcophaga albiceps, Sarcophaga ruficornis, Sarcophaga carnaria, Sarcophaga haemorrhoa of the Sarcophagidae family; and the species Musca domestica, Musca sorbens, Muscina stabulanus, Hydrotaea aenescens, Hydrotaea albuquerquei, Synthesiomyia nudiseta, Atherigona oriantidis of the Muscidae family. In addition, the species Zaprionus indianus of the Drosophilidae family. Moreover, the species Piophila flavipes of the Piophilidae family. In addition, the species Pullimosina heteroneura of the Sphaeroceridae family. The species Physiphora alceae of the Ulidiidae family. In addition, the species Sepsis lateralis of the Sepsidae family. Moreover, the species Fannia canicularae of the Faniidae family; and the species Schema acrosticale of the Ephdridae family. Moreover, the species Megaselia scalaris of the Phoridae family.
This study included recording ten new species added to the Iraqi insect group. Which are three species of the two genus belonging to the Muscidae family: Hydrotaea aenescens (Wiedemann, 1830) Hydrotaea albuquerquei (Lopes, 1985) and Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Van Der Wulp, 1883) and two species of one genus belonging to the Sarcophagedia family it’s Sarcophaga (ruficornis) Fabricus, 1794 and Sarcophaga (Helicophagella) altitudinis Sugiyama 1989. In addition, species to Ephydridae family it’s (Schema acrosticale) (Becker, 1903), and species to Phoridae family it is Megaselia scalaris (Loew, 1866), and species to Sphaeroceridae family it is Pullimosina heteroneura (Haliday, 1836), and species to Piophilidae family it is Parapiophila flavipes Zetterstedt, 1847, and species to Ulidiidae family it is Physiphora alceae (Preyssler, 1791).
Second: – With regard to the rank of Coleoptera, 11 species belonging to four families were registered
Dermestes ater, Dermestes frischii, Dermestes maculatus, Dermestes leechi, Dermestes peruvianus of the Dermestidae family and the Euspilotus richteri and Saprinus subnitescens of the Histeridae family. In addition, the species Atheta Sp., Philonthus Sordidus and Philonthus bonariensis of the Staphilinidae family’s. Moreover, the species Necrobia rufipes Cleridae family’s.
The present study included recording five new species that were added to the Iraqi insect group, two species of the Dermestidae family, the Dermestes peruvianus Laporte, 1840 and Dermestes leechi Kalik, 1952 and two species of the Staphylinidae family, namely Philonthus sordidus (Gravenhorst, 1802) and Philonthus bonariensis Bernhauer, 1909, a species of the Histeridae family, Euspilotus richteri Lewis, 1907.
Third: – On the level of the order Hymenoptera, seven species belonging to the Formicida ant family are registered. They are Cataglyphis livida, C. nodus, C. diehlii, Camponotus xerxes, Crematogaster auberti, Messor syriacus and Pheidole minuscula.
The results of the study showed a difference in the types and numbers of insects attracted to corpses in different geographical regions. As 13 species were recorded in agricultural areas, and Chrysoma putoria was not recorded; Wohlfahrtia nuba, Sarcophaga altitudins, Muscina stabulanus in residential areas, but in industrial and desert areas, the two types Muscina stabulanus and Wohlfahrtia nuba are not registered.With regard to the type of animal. It was found that insects attracted to the bodies of dogs more compared to the bodies of rats, as well as some species were attracted to one of the types of corpses, not the other, as in the nine species Chrysoma putoria; Lucilia sericata; Wohlfahrtia nuba; Sarcophaga ruficornis; Sarcophaga altitudins; Sarcophaga albiceps; Muscina stabulanus; Dermestes maculatus; Dermestes frischii. Was recorded on the bodies of dogs while not recorded on the bodies of rats in the summer, autumn and winter seasons. With regard to the difference in the method of killing the animal, the results of the study showed that the types of insects attracted to the animals killed with the use of a wounded machine were more compared to those killed with the use of a poisonous substance. Spring and autumn compared to winter and summer, and the results showed that the depth of the burial of the corpse has an impact on the types of attracted insects as in the type Musina stabulans, which was recorded at the surface burial and a depth of 50 cm and was not observed at a depth of 100 cm.