دراسة تأثيرات قصور الغدة الدرقية وهشاشة العظام في مرحلة ما قبل وبعد انقطاع الطمث لدى نساء محافظة كربلاء

Study the effects of Hypothyroidism and Osteoporosis in pre and postmenopause stage in the women of kerbala Governorate

Summary

Hypothyroidism is a clinical condition in which the thyroid gland’s secretion of thyroid hormone (TH) is insufficient to meet tissue demand. Clinical hypothyroidism symptoms range from life-threatening to non- existent. Adults’ most frequent symptoms include exhaustion, cold sensitivity, lethargy , constipation, weight gain, voice change, and skin is dry , but clinical appearance might vary according to age and gender, among other factors. Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease that causes bone mass loss., reduced bone mineral density (BMD), loss of microarchitectural integrity, and diminished bone strength, resulting in increased bone fragility and an increased risk of fracture.
The present study aimed to investigate The relationship between hypothyroidism and osteoporosis disease in women ,To evaluate and determined the effect of osteoporosis in postmenopause women and The effect of Osteoporosis and hypothyroidism on physiological ,chemical markers in blood of women . This study was conducted during the period from November 2021 to April 2022 in the Imam Hussein Teaching Hospital, and some private clinics. The study included 150 women . The range of their age is between (20-65) years. The patients were divided into three groups ,the hypothyroidism females ( n=50) , osteoporosis (n=50), in premenopause (n= 25) and in postmenopause (n=25) while the control group consisting of 50 healthy females.
The biochemical parameters measured were serum and plasma level of Albumin , Calcium , Potassium , Phosphorous , Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) , Thyroxin (T4) , Triiodothyroxin (T3) , Parathyroid hormone (PTH) , Estradiol hormone (E2) , Calcitonin hormone , Vitamin D3 , White blood cell (WBC) and Hemoglobin . These parameters were determined in the sera of both the patient and control groups.
The results revealed the deference was not significant (P> 0.05) in the levels of albumin in patients with hypothyroidism as well as in patients with osteoporosis when compared with control group and calcitonin in patient with hypothyroidism and osteoporosis compared with control group. The result revealed that significant decreased (P≤0.05) of calcium , phosphorous and Estradiol (E2) in hypothyroidism as well as in patient with osteoporosis when compared with control group .

The result showed that significant increased (P ≤ 0.05) of potassium in hypothyroidism patient ,as well as in patient with osteoporosis when compared with control group. The result showed that increased level of (TSH) level in hypothyroidism and no effect in the level of (TSH) in Osteoporosis when compared with control group. The results of this study showed significant decreased (P≤0.05) of Tri- iodothyroxine ( T3) and thyroxin (T4) in hypothyroidism , no change in T3 level in osteoporosis and decreased in level of T4 in postmenopause osteoporosis when compared with control group.
The results also showed decreased significant (P≤0.05) in parathyroid hormone (PTH) in hypothyroidism and no change significant (P > 0.005) in it in osteoporosis when compared with control group . The results showed significant decreased (P ≤0.005) in vitamin D3in hypothyroidism as well as in osteoporosis when compared with control group .
The results also showed significant decreased (P≤ 0.005) in level of hemoglobin (HB) in hypothyroidism and osteoporosis when compared with control group . The results showed increased in white blood cell (WBC) in hypothyroidism and osteoporosis when compared with control group .
When comparing hypothyroidism with osteoporosis , it was found that there are present relationship between a set of parameters in hypothyroidism such as There is inverse relationship between( potassium and E2) ,(TSH and PTH), (T3 and WBC ) and between( phosphorus and TSH) in hypothyroidism , and disappearance of these relationship in osteoporosis .
And the emergence of other correlational relationship between a set of parameters in osteoporosis such as There is positive relationship between (albumin and T4) , (potassium and T4) , (TSH and Calcitonin ), (T4 and T3) , (T4 and PTH) and between (TSH and WBC) in osteoporosis .And The is inverse relationship between (phosphorous and WBC) ,( E2 and WBC) ,( T3 and Calcitonin ) in osteoporosis.

The study showed the emergence of effects for a group of parameters for patients with hypothyroidism as well as patients with osteoporosis, as well as not affected Other parameters for the same patients. The study also showed the existence of correlational relationships between a set of parameters in a particular disease and their disappearance in the second disease, indicating that the relationship between the two diseases is a statistically weak relationship